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Therapy and Treatments: A Comprehensive Overview

Explore different therapies for psychological issues, from modern psychoanalysis to cognitive and behavioral therapies, and biomedical treatments like medications and ECT. Learn about therapy qualifications and effective techniques.

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Therapy and Treatments: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Treatments

  2. Therapy Defined • Therapy: techniques to help people deal with psychological problems • Focus on changing behavior • Connected to theoretical perspectives and beliefs about root of behavior

  3. Providing Psychological Assistance • Psychotherapy: use of psychological principles/techniques to treat mental health disorders; assumes root is psychological • Biological therapy: use of medications or other medical interventions to treat problems; assumes root is biological

  4. Who Is Qualified to Give Therapy? • Clinical psychologists, licensed counselors, etc. • Master’s degree is minimum • Psychiatrists or other MDs are only professionals legally allowed to prescribe medication

  5. Modern Psychoanalysis • Psychodynamic or short-term dynamic therapy • Addresses current problems rather than childhood issues • Short-term (no more than a few months) and effective • Not as effective for depression, schizophrenia, autism

  6. Humanistic Therapy: Empathizing to Empower • Focuses on conscious actions taken to control behavior • Believe behavior driven by view of world and awareness of feelings • Clients are striving towards personal growth

  7. BehaviorTherapies: Learning Healthier Behaviors • Behavior therapy focuses on changing current behaviors; also called behavior modification • Behavioral perspective – behavior is result of environmental stimuli and consequences • Two categories of treatment: classical conditioning and operant conditioning techniques

  8. Social Cognitive TherapyEllis’s Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) • Rational emotive therapy: psychological problems stem from how people think about and interpret life events • Faulty or irrational beliefs are identified • Generally effective in treatment of depression and certain anxiety disorders

  9. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy (CBT) • Distorted thinking (cognitive distortions) - negative automatic, thought patterns lead to depression, anxiety, low self-esteem • Less confrontational than RET; therapist and client work together to identify thought patterns, test validity of those, work on changing • Effective with depression, anxiety disorders, preventing relapses

  10. Biomedical Treatment • Medications used to treat mental health problems • Not a cure, but can reduce symptoms • Stabilizes symptoms so psychological issues can be addressed

  11. Psychopharmacological treatments • Antipsychotics – schizophrenia • Antidepressants – SSRIs – depression and panic disorders • Lithium – bipolar • Antianxiety – anxiety and panic disorders

  12. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) • Series of treatments; anesthesia and muscle relaxant given; volts passed through brain inducing seizure; quick, painless • Treatment of last resort for depressed patients

  13. Lobotomy • Operations that damage brain tissues in the frontal lobe to treat mental illness • 50,000 performed in the U.S. (1935-1955) • video

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