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Age of Exploration: Driven by Motives, Means, and Effects

Explore the motivations behind the Age of Exploration from 1500-1800, including Marco Polo's writings, means of exploration like new technology and better ships, and the positive and negative effects on both Europeans and natives. Discover the Spanish Empire's conquests, the search for trade routes, and the impact of the "Columbian Exchange."

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Age of Exploration: Driven by Motives, Means, and Effects

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  1. Age of Exploration & Expansion 1500-1800 Chapter 13, sec 1

  2. Driving • Motivations: • Why do you want to drive a car? • Means: • What types of things do you have to have to drive a car? • Effects: • What are the positive effects? Negative effects of driving a car?

  3. The Motives(Why they wanted toexplore) • Marco Polo’s writings about Asia • Need a sea route because of Ottoman Empire • Spices found in the East used to flavor and preserve food • God-convert natives to Catholicism • Glory-adventure and praise • Gold-finding precious metals & expanding trade.

  4. Marco Polo’s Writings

  5. Ottoman Dominance

  6. Exotic Spices

  7. The Means (How were they able to explore) • New technology • Cartography (the art & science of mapmaking) had been developed by the Arabs • Compass-showed ship’s direction • Astrolabe-showed ship’s latitude • Better ships • Established European monarchies • Especially Spain & Portugal & England

  8. Portuguese Trading Empire • 1420 Prince Henry the Navigator sponsors exploration along the western coast of Africa • Gold is discovered— becomes known as Gold Coast • 1488 Bartholomeu Diaz rounds the Cape of Good Hope looking for route to India • 1498 Vasco de Gama made the trip to the port of Calcutta—spice cargo = huge profits • Ports set up in Goa, on Malay Peninsula, and the Moluccas or Spice Islands. • Portuguese force Arabs out of control of the spice trade. • No intention of colonization— trading posts only

  9. African Gold Coast

  10. Bartholomeu Diaz

  11. Voyages to the New World • Spanish--Columbus looks for route to Asia by sailing west instead of around Africa. • 1492 Columbus reaches Americas, explores Cuba, Haiti (Hispaniola) • Believes he has reached Asia; reaches all major islands of Caribbean and Honduras—calls them all Indies (India) • English—John Cabot explores coastline of New England

  12. Voyages to the New World cont. • Portugal—Pedro Cabral & Amerigo Vespucci in South America • Dutch—explore & claim Hudson River and present day New York • Treaty of Tordesillas • set up by Spain & Portugal • new territory claimed is determined by a north to south line through the Atlantic Ocean and South America

  13. The Spanish Empire • Conquistadors-Spanish conquerors of the Americas. • Cortes conquers Aztecs • Pizzaro conquers Incas • Queen Isabella declares natives her subjects • grants Spanish encomienda-right to use natives as laborers • settlers use Indians brutally • Spain sets up colonies throughout New World—missionaries, dioceses, parishes, schools, hospitals

  14. The “Columbian Exchange” • Effects: • Native populations virtually destroyed by starvation, disease, and brutality. • Natives forced to accept European systems • Europe gains gold, silver, & many products • European rivalries deepen • Monarchies become stronger due to trade and colonization

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