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The History of Computer

The History of Computer. Sejarah Komputer. The Definition of “Computer”.

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The History of Computer

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  1. The History of Computer

  2. SejarahKomputer

  3. The Definition of “Computer” • Computer terms have a broad understanding and different for each expert. The term "computer" is taken from the Latin "computare" which means the count (to computare or to reckon). According Blissmer (1985), a computer is an electronic device capable of performing multiple tasks, which receive input, process the input in accordance with the instructions, keep the commandments, and the results of its processing, and provides output in the form of information. According to Sanders (1985), a computer is an electronic system to process data quickly and designed and organized automatically receive and store input data, processes it, and produces output based on the instructions that have been stored in memory. In essence, it can be concluded that the computer is an electronic equipment that can accept input, process the input, to provide information, using a program stored in the computer's memory, it can store the programs and the results of processing, and works automatically.

  4. Definisidari “Komputer” • Istilahkomputermempunyaipengertian yang luasdanberbedauntuksetiapahli. Istilah "Komputer" diambildaribahasalatin "computare" yang berartimenghitung (to computareatau to reckon). MenurutBlissmer (1985), komputeradalahsuatualatelektronik yang mampumelakukanbeberapatugas, yaitumenerima input, memproses input sesuaidenganinstruksi yang diberikan, menyimpanperintah-perintahdanhasilpengolahannya, sertamenyediakan output dalambentukinformasi. Menurut Sanders (1985), komputeradalahsistemelektronikuntukmengolah data dengancepatsertadirancangdandiorganisasikansecaraotomatismenerimadanmenyimpan data input, memprosesnya, danmenghasilkan output berdasarkaninstruksi-instruksi yang telahtersimpandidalammemori. Padaintinya, dapatdisimpulkanbahwakomputeradalahsuatuperalatanelektronik yang dapatmenerima input, mengolah input, memberikaninformasi, menggunakansuatu program yang tersimpandimemorikomputer, dapatmenyimpan program danhasilpengolahan, sertabekerjasecaraotomatis.

  5. Computer History • Prior to 1940, the data processing has been performed by humans. Humans also find mechanical appliances and electronics to help human beings in the calculation and processing of data in order to obtain faster results. Computers that we see today is an evolution of the length of the discovery of human invention since time immemorial in the form of mechanical or electronic devices.

  6. SejarahKomputer • Sebelumtahun 1940 Sejakdahulukala, prosespengolahan data telahdilakukanolehmanusia. Manusiajugamenemukanalat-alatmekanikdanelektronikuntukmembantumanusiadalampenghitungandanpengolahan data supayadapatmendapatkanhasillebihcepat. Komputer yang kitatemuisaatiniadalahsuatuevolusipanjangdaripenemuanpenemuanmanusiasejakdahulukalaberupaalatmekanikmaupunelektronik.

  7. Today, computers and supporting tools have been incorporated into every aspect of life and work that goes beyond ordinary mathematical calculations. Among them is a computer system capable of reading codes supermarket groceries, phone center that handles millions of calls and communications and computer networks and the Internet that connect different parts of the world. Computers have 4 groups, namely 1. Manual equipment : Data processing are very simple, and the most important factor in the use of the tool is to use the power of human hands2. Mechanical Equipment : Equipment that has been shaped mecha- nical driven manually by hand3. Electronic Mechanical Equipment : Equipment mechanically actuated auto- matically by the electronic motor4. Electronic Equipment : Equipment that works electronically. So- me of the equipment has been used as a count before the invention of computers

  8. Saatini, komputerdanpirantipendukungnyatelahmasukdalamsetiapaspekkehidupandanpekerjaan yang lebihdarisekedarperhitunganmatematikbiasa. Di antaranyaadalahsistemkomputerdi supermarket yang mampumembacakodebarangbelanjaan, pusattelefon yang menanganijutaanpanggilandankomunikasi, sertajaringankomputerdan internet yang menghubungkanberbagaitempatdidunia. Komputerada 4 golonganyaitu 1. Peralatan manual : Peralatanpengolahan data yang sangatseder- hana, danfaktorterpentingdalampemakaianalatadalahmenggunakantenagatanganmanusia 2. PeralatanMekanik : Peralatan yang sudahberbentukmekanik yang digerakkandengantangansecara manual 3. PeralatanMekanikElektronik : Peralatanmekanik yang digerakkansecaraotomatisoleh motor elektronik 4. PeralatanElektronik : Peralatan yang bekerjasecaraelektronik. Beberapaperalatan yang telahdigunakansebagaialathitungsebelumditemukannyakomputer

  9. An early form of computer • Around 3,000 years ago, before computers made, in Asia appear a traditional calculator called Abacus, made ​​from grains that can be shifted. For the Chinese, abacus used to calculate the trade. • In 1642 Blaise Pascal discovered Numerical Wheel Calculator • In 1821 Charles Babbage, a British mathematics professor who discovered the calculating machine called the Difference Engine. This machine is the forerunner of a computer and an automatic calculator, which first appeared. • In 1937, humans have managed to create an electronic computer named ABC. • In 1946 Dr John Mouchly and J. Presper Eckert managed to assemble a digital electronic computer weighing 30 tons with a size of 30 x 50 feet, and consists of 1800 vacuum tubes. This is known as the first generation of computers.

  10. BentukAwal Dari Komputer • Sekitar 3.000 tahun yang lalu sebelum komputer dibuat, di Asia muncul sebuah kalkulator tradisional bernama Abacus, dibuat dari biji-bijian yang dapat digeser. Bagi orang Cina, Abacus digunakan untuk menghitung perdagangan. • Pada tahun 1642 Blaise Pascal menemukan Pascaline atau Kalkulator roda numerik. • Pada tahun 1821 Charles Babbage, seorang profesor matematika Inggris yang menemukan mesin hitung bernama Difference Engine. Mesin ini merupakan cikal bakal dari sebuah komputer dan kalkulator otomatis yang pertama kali muncul. • Pada tahun 1937 manusia telah berhasil menciptakan sebuah komputer elektronik yang diberi nama ABC. • Pada tahun 1946 Dr John Mouchly dan J. Presper Eckert berhasil merakit sebuah komputer elektronik digital dengan berat 30 ton dengan ukuran 30 x 50 kaki, dan terdiri dari 1800 tabung vakum. Ini dikenal sebagai generasi pertama dari komputer.

  11. Generation of Computer • Beginning of computers set up by a British mathematics professor, Charles Babbage. In 1812, Babbage noticed natural compatibility between mechanical engineering and mathematics, mechanical engineering is very good at doing the same tasks repeatedly without mistake, but the math requires a simple repetition of a particular step. The problem is then developed to locate mechanical engineering as a tool to address the needs of mechanics. Babbage's first attempt to address this situation in 1822 when he proposed a machine to perform calculations of differential equations. The machine is called Differential Engine. By using steam, the machine can store programs and can perform calculations and print the results automatically. After working for ten years with Differential Engine, Babbage was suddenly inspired to start a general-purpose computer first, called the Analytical Engine. Babbage's assistant, Augusta Ada King has an important role in the manufacture of this machine. He helped revise the plan, seek funding from the UK government, and communicating to the public the specifications of Anlytical Engine. In addition, a good understanding of Augusta about this machine makes it possible to put the instructions into the machine and also make it the first female programmer. In 1980, the U.S. Defense Department named a programming language with the name of the ADA as a tribute to him.

  12. GenerasiKomputer • AwalmulakomputerdibentukolehseorangprofesormatematikaInggris, Charles Babbage. Tahun 1812, Babbage memperhatikankesesuaianalamantaramesinmekanikdanmatematika, mesinmekaniksangatbaikdalammengerjakantugas yang samaberulangkalitanpakesalahan, tetapimatematikamembutuhkanrepetisisederhanadarisuatulangkahtertentu. Masalahtersebutkemudianberkembanghinggamenempatkanmesinmekaniksebagaialatuntukmenjawabkebutuhanmekanik. Usaha Babbage yang pertamauntukmenjawabmasalahinimunculpadatahun 1822 ketikaiamengusulkansuatumesinuntukmelakukanperhitunganpersamaandifferensial. MesintersebutdinamakanMesinDifferensial. Denganmenggunakantenagauap, mesintersebutdapatmenyimpan program dandapatmelakukankalkulasisertamencetakhasilnyasecaraotomatis. SetelahbekerjadenganMesinDifferensialselamasepuluhtahun, Babbage tiba-tibaterinspirasiuntukmemulaimembuatkomputer general-purpose yang pertama, yang disebut Analytical Engine. Asisten Babbage, Augusta Ada King memilikiperanpentingdalampembuatanmesinini. Iamembantumerevisirencana, mencaripendanaandaripemerintahInggris Raya, danmengkomunikasikanspesifikasiAnlytical Engine kepadapublik. Selainitu, pemahaman Augusta yang baiktentangmesininimemungkinkannyamembuatinstruksiuntukdimasukkankedalammesindanjugamembuatnyamenjadi programmer wanita yang pertama. Padatahun 1980, DepartemenPertahanan A.S menamaisebuahbahasapemrogramanyaitu ADA sebagaipenghormatankepadanya.

  13. In 1889, Herman Hollerith (1860-1929) also applied the perforated cards to perform calculations. His first task is to find a faster way to do the calculations for the U.S. Census Bureau. Previous census conducted in 1880 took seven years to complete the calculation. With growing population, the Bureau estimates that it takes ten years to complete the census count. • In the next period, several other engineers to make new discoveries. Vannevar Bush (1890-1974) created a calculator to solve differential equations in 1931. The machine was able to solve complex differential equations that is considered complicated by academics. The machine is very large and heavy as hundreds of teeth and the shaft needed to perform calculations. In 1903, John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry tried to apply an electric computer Boolean algebra in electrical circuits. This approach is based on the work of George Boole (1815-1864) in the form of a binary system of algebra, which states that any mathematical equation can be expressed as true or false. By applying the conditions are right and wrong into the electrical circuit in the form of connected-disconnected, Atanasoff and Berry made ​​the first electric computer in 1940. But those projects stalled due to loss of funding sources.

  14. Pada 1889, Herman Hollerith (1860-1929) jugamenerapkanprinsipkartuperforasiuntukmelakukanpenghitungan. Tugaspertamanyaadalahmenemukancara yang lebihcepatuntukmelakukanperhitunganbagi Biro SensusAmerikaSerikat. Sensussebelumnya yang dilakukanditahun 1880 membutuhkanwaktutujuhtahununtukmenyelesaikanperhitungan. Denganberkembangnyapopulasi, Biro tersebutmemperkirakanbahwadibutuhkanwaktusepuluhtahununtukmenyelesaikanperhitungansensus. • Padamasaberikutnya, beberapainsinyurmembuatpenemuanbarulainnya. Vannevar Bush (1890-1974) membuatsebuahkalkulatoruntukmenyelesaikanpersamaandifferensialditahun 1931. Mesintersebutdapatmenyelesaikanpersamaandifferensialkompleks yang selamainidianggaprumitolehkalanganakademisi. Mesintersebutsangatbesardanberatkarenaratusangerigidanporos yang dibutuhkanuntukmelakukanperhitungan. Padatahun 1903, John V. Atanasoffdan Clifford Berry mencobamembuatkomputerelektrik yang menerapkanaljabar Boolean padasirkuitelektrik. Pendekataninididasarkanpadahasilkerja George Boole (1815-1864) berupasistembineraljabar, yang menyatakanbahwasetiappersamaanmatematikdapatdinyatakansebagaibenaratausalah. Denganmengaplikasikankondisibenar-salahkedalamsirkuitlistrikdalambentukterhubung-terputus, Atanasoffdan Berry membuatkomputerelektrikpertamaditahun 1940. Namunproyekmerekaterhentikarenakehilangansumberpendanaan.

  15. First generation (1940-1959)This first generation of computers used vacuum tubes to process and store data. He became a fast heat and flammable, therefore thousands of vacuum tubes required to run the entire operation of the computer. It also needs a lot of electrical power which causes electrical disturbances in the surrounding region. Some first-generation computer: a. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator) was designed by Dr. John Mauchly and Presper Eckert in 1946. The computer generation is starting to store data that is known as the concept of storing data (stored program concept) proposed by John Von Neuman. b. Computer EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)The use of vacuum tubes have also been reduced in the design of the EDVAC computer in which the calculation is faster than the ENIAC. c. EDSAC COMPUTER (Electonic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator)EDSAC introduced the use of mercury (mercury) in a tube for storing data. d. UNIVAC 1 ComputerIn 1951 Dr. Mauchly and Eckert create UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Calculator) The first computer used to process trade data.

  16. GenerasiPertama (1940-1959) Komputergenerasipertamainimenggunakantabungvakumuntukmemprosesdanmenyimpan data. Iamenjadicepatpanasdanmudahterbakar, olehkarenaituberibu-ributabungvakumdiperlukanuntukmenjalankanoperasikeseluruhankomputer. Iajugamemerlukanbanyaktenagaelektrik yang menyebabkangangguanelektrikdikawasansekitarnya. Beberapakomputergenerasipertama : a. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator ) dirancangoleh Dr John MauchlydanPresper Eckert padatahun 1946.Komputer generasiinisudahmulaimenyimpan data yang dikenalsebagaikonseppenyimpanan data (stored program concept) yang dikemukakanoleh John Von Neuman. b. EDVAC Computer (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) Penggunaantabungvakumjugatelahdikurangididalamperancangankomputer EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) dimanaprosesperhitunganmenjadilebihcepatdibandingkan ENIAC. c. EDSAC COMPUTER ( Electonic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator ) EDSAC (Electonic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) memperkenalkanpenggunaanraksa (merkuri) dalamtabunguntukmenyimpan data. d. UNIVAC 1 Computer Padatahun 1951 Dr Mauchlydan Eckert menciptakan UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Calculator ) komputerpertama yang digunakanuntukmemproses data perdagangan.

  17. Second-generation computers (1959 -1964) In 1948, the invention of the transistor greatly influenced the development of computers. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in televisions, radios, and computers. As a result, the size of the electric machines is reduced drastically. The transistor used in computers began in 1956. Other findings in the form of magnetic core memory, a second generation computers smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy efficient than its predecessor. The first machine that utilizes this new technology is a supercomputer. IBM makes supercomputer named Stretch, and Sprery-Rand called LARC. These computers, which were developed for atomic energy laboratories, could handle large amounts of data. The machine was very expensive and tend to be too complex for business computing needs, thereby limiting. There are only two LARC ever installed and used : one at the Lawrence Radiation Labs in Livermore, California, and the other at the U.S. Navy Research and Development Center in Washington DC Replacing a second generation computer machine language with assembly language. Assembly language is a language that uses abbreviations to replace the binary code. In the early 1960's, began to appear successful second generation computers in business, in universities and in government. The second generation of computers is a computer which used transistors. They also have components that can be associated with the computer at this time: a printer, storage, disk, memory, operating system, and programs.One important example is the computer on the IBM 1401 secaa widely accepted in the industry. In 1965, almost all large businesses use computers to process the second generation of financial information. Program stored in the computer and programming language that is in it gives flexibility to the computer. Flexibility is increased performance at a reasonable price for business use. With this concept, the computer can print invoices and then run the consumer purchases the product design or calculate payroll.

  18. The second generation of computers (1959 -1964)In 1948, the invention of the transistor greatly influenced the development of computers. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in televisions, radios, and computers. As a result, the size of electric machines is reduced drastically. The transistor used in computers began in 1956. Other findings in the form of magnetic core memory-second generation computers smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy efficient than its predecessor. The first machine that utilizes this new technology is the supercomputer. IBM makes supercomputer named Stretch, and Sprery-Rand makes a computer named LARC. These computers, both developed for atomic energy laboratories, could handle large amounts of data. The machine is very expensive and tend to be too complex for business computing needs, thereby limiting. There are only two LARC ever installed and used: one at the Lawrence Radiation Labs in Livermore, California, and the other at the U.S. Navy Research and Development Center in Washington DC Replacing the second generation computer machine language to assembly language. Assembly language is a language that uses abbreviations to replace the binary code. In the early 1960s, computers began to appear successful second generation in the business, in universities and in government. The second generation of computers is a computer which used transistors. They also have components that can be associated with the computer at this time: printers, storage, disk, memory, operating system, and computer program.Salah one important example of this period is the IBM 1401 that is widely accepted in the industry. In 1965, almost all large businesses use computers to process the second generation of financial information. The program stored in the computer programming language in it gives flexibility to the computer. Flexibility is increased performance at a reasonable price for business use. With this concept, the computer can print customer invoices and minutes later design products or calculate paychecks.

  19. Some programming languages ​​began to appear at that time. Programming language Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) and FORTRAN (Formula Translator) came into common use. These languages ​​replaced cryptic binary machine code with words, sentences, and mathematical formulas are more easily understood by humans. This makes it easy for someone to program a computer. Various New types of careers (programmer, analyst, and expert computer systems). Software industry also began to appear and grow during this second generation of computers.

  20. Beberapabahasapemrogramanmulaibermunculanpadasaatitu. Bahasapemrograman Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) dan Formula Translator (FORTRAN) mulaiumumdigunakan. Bahasapemrogramaninimenggantikankodemesin yang rumitdengankata-kata, kalimat, dan formula matematika yang lebihmudahdipahamiolehmanusia. Hal inimemudahkanseseoranguntukmemprogramdanmengaturkomputer. Berbagaimacamkarirbarubermunculan (programmer, analyst, danahlisistemkomputer). Industriperantilunakjugamulaibermunculandanberkembangpadamasakomputergenerasikeduaini.

  21. Third Generation (1964-early 80’s) Although the transistors in many respects ahead of the vacuum tube, but transistors generate substantial heat, which could potentially damage the internal parts of the computer. Quartz stone (quartz rock) eliminates this problem. Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instruments, developed the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in 1958''''. IC combined three electronic components onto a small silicon disc, made ​​from quartz. Scientists later managed to fit more components into a single chip, called a semiconductor. As a result, computers became ever smaller as more components were squeezed onto the chip. Other third-generation development is the use of the operating system (operating system) which allows the engine to run many different programs at once with a central program that monitored and coordinated the computer's memory.

  22. GenerasiKetiga (1964-awal 80-an) Walaupun transistor dalambanyakhalmengungguli tube vakum, namun transistor menghasilkanpanas yang cukupbesar, yang dapatberpotensimerusakbagian-bagian internal komputer. Batukuarsa (quartz rock) menghilangkanmasalahini. Jack Kilby, seoranginsinyurdi Texas Instrument, mengembangkansirkuitterintegrasi (IC : integrated circuit) ditahun 1958''''. IC mengkombinasikantigakomponenelektronikdalamsebuahpiringansilikonkecil yang terbuatdaripasirkuarsa. Padailmuwankemudianberhasilmemasukkanlebihbanyakkomponen-komponenkedalamsuatu chip tunggal yang disebutsemikonduktor. Hasilnya, komputermenjadisemakinkecilkarenakomponen-komponendapatdipadatkandalam chip. Kemajuankomputergenerasiketigalainnyaadalahpenggunaansistemoperasi (operating system) yang memungkinkanmesinuntukmenjalankanberbagai program yang berbedasecaraserentakdengansebuah program utama yang memonitordanmengkoordinasimemorikomputer.

  23. Fourth Generation (early 80’s-?) After IC, the development becomes more evident shrink the size of circuits and electrical components. Large Scale Integration (LSI) could fit hundreds of components onto one chip. In the 1980's, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) contains thousands of components on a single chip. Ultra-Large Scale Integration (ULSI) increased that number into the millions. The ability to install so many components in a chip that berukurang half coin prices eased and the size of the computer. It also increased power, efficiency and reliability. Intel 4004 chip made in 1971 to bring progress to the IC by putting all the components of a computer (central processing unit, memory, and control input / output) in a very small chip. Previously, the IC is made to do a certain task spesifik.Sekarang, a microprocessor could be manufactured and then programmed to meet all demands. Not long after, everyday household items such as microwave ovens, televisions, and automobiles with electronic fuel injection equipped with microprocessors. Such developments allow ordinary people to use computers. Computers are no longer a dominance of large firms or government agencies. In the mid-1970s, computer assemblers offer their computer products to the general public. These computers, called minicomputers, sold with a software package that is easy to use by the layman. The most popular software at the time was word processing and spreadsheet programs. In the early 1980s, such as the Atari 2600 video game consumer interest in home computers are more sophisticated and can be programmed. In 1981, IBM introduced the use of Personal Computer (PC) for use in homes, offices, and schools. The number of PCs in use jumped from 2 million units in 1981 to 5.5 million units in 1982. Ten years later, 65 million PCs in use. Computers continued their trend toward a smaller size, from computers that are on the table (desktop computer) to a computer that can be inserted into the bag (laptop), or even a computer that can be held (palmtop).

  24. GenerasiKeempat (awal 80-an - ?) Setelah IC, tujuanpengembanganmenjadilebihjelasmengecilkanukuransirkuitdankomponen-komponenelektrik. Large Scale Integration (LSI) dapatmemuatratusankomponendalamsebuah chip. Padatahun 1980-an, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) memuatribuankomponendalamsebuah chip tunggal. Ultra-Large Scale Integration (ULSI) meningkatkanjumlahtersebutmenjadijutaan. Kemampuanuntukmemasangsedemikianbanyakkomponendalamsuatukeping yang berukurangsetengahkepinguanglogammendorongturunnyahargadanukurankomputer. Hal tersebutjugameningkatkandayakerja, efisiensidanketerandalankomputer. Chip Intel 4004 yang dibuatpadatahun 1971 membawakemajuanpada IC denganmeletakkanseluruhkomponendarisebuahkomputer (central processing unit, memori, dankendali input/output) dalamsebuah chip yang sangatkecil. Sebelumnya, IC dibuatuntukmengerjakansuatutugastertentu yang spesifik.Sekarang, sebuahmikroprosesordapatdiproduksidankemudiandiprogramuntukmemenuhiseluruhkebutuhan yang diinginkan. Tidak lama kemudian, setiapperangkatrumahtanggaseperti microwave oven, televisi, danmobildengan electronic fuel injection dilengkapidenganmikroprosesor. Perkembangan yang demikianmemungkinkanorang-orangbiasauntukmenggunakankomputerbiasa. Komputertidaklagimenjadidominasiperusahaan-perusahaanbesarataulembagapemerintah. Padapertengahantahun 1970-an, perakitkomputermenawarkanprodukkomputermerekakemasyarakatumum. Komputer-komputerini, yang disebut mini komputer, dijualdenganpaketpirantilunak yang mudahdigunakanolehkalanganawam. Pirantilunak yang paling populerpadasaatituadalah program word processing dan spreadsheet. Padaawal 1980-an, video game seperti Atari 2600 menarikperhatiankonsumenpadakomputerrumahan yang lebihcanggihdandapatdiprogram. Padatahun 1981, IBM memperkenalkanpenggunaan Personal Computer (PC) untukpenggunaandirumah, kantor, dansekolah. Jumlah PC yang digunakanmelonjakdari 2 juta unit ditahun 1981 menjadi 5,5 juta unit ditahun 1982. Sepuluhtahunkemudian, 65 juta PC digunakan. Komputermelanjutkanevolusinyamenujuukuran yang lebihkecil, darikomputer yang beradadiatasmeja (desktop computer) menjadikomputer yang dapatdimasukkankedalamtas (laptop), ataubahkankomputer yang dapatdigenggam (palmtop).

  25. IBM PC to compete with Apple's Macintosh line, introduced in. Apple Macintosh became famous for popularizing the computer graphics system, while his rival was still using a text-based computer. Macintosh also popularized the use of mouse devices. At the present time, we know the way to the use of IBM compatible CPU: IBM PC/486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV (series of CPUs made ​​by Intel). Also we know AMD k6, Athlon, etc.. It's all in the computer class keempat.Seiring generation with the proliferation of computer use in the workplace, new ways to harness their potential developed. Along with the increased strength of a small computer, these computers can be connected together in a network to share a memory, software, information, and also to be able to communicate with each other. The computer network allows a single computer to establish electronic collaboration to complete a task process. By using direct cabling (also called a local area network, LAN), or telephone cable, the network can become very large.

  26. IBM PC bersaingdengan Apple Macintosh dalammemperebutkanpasarkomputer. Apple Macintosh menjaditerkenalkarenamempopulerkansistemgrafispadakomputernya, sementarasaingannyamasihmenggunakankomputer yang berbasisteks. Macintosh jugamempopulerkanpenggunaanperantitetikus. Padamasasekarang, kitamengenalperjalanan IBM kompatibeldenganpemakaian CPU: IBM PC/486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV (Serial dari CPU buatan Intel). Jugakitakenal AMD k6, Athlon, dsb. Inisemuamasukdalamgolongankomputergenerasikeempat.Seiringdenganmenjamurnyapenggunaankomputerditempatkerja, cara-carabaruuntukmenggalipotensialterusdikembangkan. Seiringdenganbertambahkuatnyasuatukomputerkecil, komputer-komputertersebutdapatdihubungkansecarabersamaandalamsuatujaringanuntuksalingberbagimemori, perantilunak, informasi, danjugauntukdapatsalingberkomunikasisatudengan yang lainnya. Komputerjaringanmemungkinkankomputertunggaluntukmembentukkerjasamaelektronikuntukmenyelesaikansuatuprosestugas. Denganmenggunakanperkabelanlangsung (disebutjuga local area network, LAN), ataukabeltelepon, jaringaninidapatberkembangmenjadisangatbesar.

  27. The fifth generation computer (future) Many advances in computer design and technology increasingly allows the creation of the fifth generation computer. Two such engineering advances are parallel processing capabilities, which will replace the non-Neumann model. Non Neumann model will be replaced with a system that is able to coordinate many CPUs to work as one. Another advance is superconductor technology, which allows the flow of electrically without any obstacles, which will accelerate the speed of information. Japan is a country well known in the jargon of socialization and the fifth generation computer project. Institutions ICOT (Institute for new Computer Technology) was also set up to make it happen. Many news stating that the project has failed, but some other information that the success of the fifth generation computer project will bring new changes in the world of computerized paradigm. We wait for which information is more valid and successful

  28. Komputergenerasikelima ( masadepan ) Banyakkemajuandibidangdesainkomputerdanteknologisemkainmemungkinkanpembuatankomputergenerasikelima. Duakemajuanrekayasa yang terutamaadalahkemampuanpemrosesanparalel, yang akanmenggantikan model non Neumann. Model non Neumann akandigantikandengansistem yang mampumengkoordinasikanbanyak CPU untukbekerjasecaraserempak. Kemajuan lain adalahteknologisuperkonduktor yang memungkinkanaliranelektriktanpaadahambatanapapun, yang nantinyadapatmempercepatkecepataninformasi. Jepangadalahnegara yang terkenaldalamsosialisasi jargon danproyekkomputergenerasikelima. Lembaga ICOT (Institute for new Computer Technology) jugadibentukuntukmerealisasikannya. Banyakkabar yang menyatakanbahwaproyekinitelahgagal, namunbeberapainformasi lain bahwakeberhasilanproyekkomputergenerasikelimainiakanmembawaperubahanbaruparadigmakomputerisasididunia. Kita tungguinformasimana yang lebih valid danberhasil

  29. CLASS VII-I WORK TEACHER : Prasetyo “HISTORY OF COMPUTER “THANK YOU” “HISTORY OF COMPUTER”

  30. TUGAS TIK KELAS VII-I Guru : Prasetyo “SEJARAH KOMPUTER” “TERIMA KASIH” “SEJARAH KOMPUTER”

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