History of the Micro-Computer

1. History of the Micro-Computer

2. Group Question Get into a pair of two. You have three minutes to come up with two answers and make an educated guess at a third.

3. Discussion Questions What is a computer? • What is the simplest definition of a computer that you can come up with? • What defines a modern computer? • What was the first computer? If you don’t know, make a guess

4. Definition of a Computer It must be able to Process Information Have the capability of Input and Output Manipulate Numbers like a Calculator

5. Definition of a Modern Computer It has the capability of Inputs, outputs, processes and stores information It has Physical aspects such as a Keyboard, Mouse, and a Monitor, etc. – are these necessary components?

6. What was the very first Computer?

7. The Very First Computerwas Man

8. The First Man Aided Tool Used as a Computer Abacus - 3000 BC • beads on rods to count and calculate • still widely used in Asia!

9. The Second Man Aided Tool Used as a Computer Slide Rule • Slide Rule 1630 • based on Napier’s rules for logarithms • used until 1970s

10. What Period of Time Lead to the Invention of the Micro-Computer • The Renaissance • The Industrial Revolution • The Romanticism • Baby Boomer

11. What Period of Time Lead to the Invention of the Micro-Computer • The Renaissance • The Industrial Revolution • The Romanticism • Baby Boomer

12. Machined Computers - 19th Century Jacquard Loom - 1801 • It was the first computer to store data and used metal cards • It was the first computer Manufactured • still in use today!

13. Charles Babbage - 1792-1871 Analytical Engine • Difference Engine c.1822 • huge calculator, never finished • Analytical Engine 1833 Augusta Ada Byron • Took Babbage’s idea and completed it. • It calculated in “mills” and used metal punch cards for instructions • It was powered by steam! • It had an accurate up to six decimal places

14. Break Discussion!!! Active In-Active

15. Discussion Question What was the biggest advance that led to modern computers? • Electricity • Transistor • Vacuum Tubes • Microchip • Data storage

16. Vacuum Tubes - 1941 - 1956 • First Generation Electronic Computers Part used Vacuum Tubes • Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside. • Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry.

17. UNIVAC - 1951 • First fully electronic digital computer built in the U.S. • Created at the University of Pennsylvania • ENIAC weighed 30 tons • contained 18,000 vacuum tubes • Cost a paltry $487,000

18. Grace Hopper • Programmed UNIVAC • Recipient of Computer Science’s first “Man of the Year Award”

19. First Computer Bug - 1945 • Relay switches part of computers • Grace Hopper found a moth stuck in a relay responsible for a malfunction • Called it “debugging” a computer

20. Second Generation – 1953-1956 1956 – Computers began to incorporate Transistors Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors

21. Break Discussion!!! Active In-Active

22. Integrated Circuits Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips). Integrated Circuits consist of transistors, resistors, and capacitorsintegrated together into a single “chip”

23. The First Microprocessor – 1971 Intel 4004 Microprocessor • The 4004 had 2,250 transistors • four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s) • 108Khz • Called “Microchip”

24. What is a Microchip? • Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC) • Transistors, resistors, and capacitors • 4004 had 2,250 transistors • Pentium IV has 42 MILLION transistors • Each transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)

25. 4th Generation – 1971-present MICROCHIPS! Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still using microchip technology

26. Birth of Personal Computers - 1975 MITS Altair • 256 byte memory (not Kilobytes or Megabytes) • 2 MHz Intel 8080 chips • Just a box with flashing lights • cost $395 kit, $495 assembled.

27. Over the past 50 years, the Electronic Computer has evolved rapidly. Connections: • Which evolved from something else, which was an entirely new creation? • vacuum tube • integrated circuit • transistor • microchip

28. Over the past 50 years, the Electronic Computer has evolved rapidly. Connections: • Which evolved from the other, which was an entirely new creation • vacuum tube – Newly created • integrated circuit – Evolved from the Transistor • Transistor – Newly created • Microchip – Evolved from the Transistor and the Integrated circuit.

29. Early Microcomputer

30. Apple Computers • Founded 1977 • Apple II released 1977 • widely used in schools • Macintosh (left) • released in 1984, Motorola 68000 Microchip processor • first commercial computer with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse)

31. IBM PC - 1981 • IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture • First wide-selling personal computer used in business • 8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors • 4.77 Mhz processing speed • 256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standard • One or two floppy disk drives

32. 21st Century Computing Great increases in speed, storage, and memory Increased networking, speed in Internet Terabyte (Trillion) / Pegabyte (Zillion) Widespread use of CD-RW/DVD/Blue Ray PDAs Cell – Smart Phones Tablets WIRELESS!!! Bluetooth Technology Hologram Technology

33. What’s next for computers? Use your imagination to come up with what the next century holds for computers. • What can we expect in five years? • What can we expect in twenty years?