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Europe

Europe. Tanacetum parthenium. Taxonomy & Distribution/Ecology. Tanacetum parthenium is also known as Chrysanthemum parthenium, or by it’s common name feverfew, febrifuge, mid-summer daisy, or wild chamomile. (1 & 2)

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Europe

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  1. Europe

  2. Tanacetum parthenium

  3. Taxonomy & Distribution/Ecology • Tanacetum parthenium is also known as Chrysanthemum parthenium, or by it’s common name feverfew, febrifuge, mid-summer daisy, or wild chamomile. (1 & 2) • It is an herb that was originally grown in Southeastern Europe, but, has spread to parts of South & North America. Commonly grows on roadsides or borders of wooded-areas. (1 & 2) • It belongs to the family Compositae or Asteraceae. This is the largest vascular plant family. It’s well known members are daisies and sunflowers. (2 & 3)

  4. Current Medicinal Uses & Active Compounds • Primarily used for the prevention & treatment of migraine headaches; specifically frequency and intensity.(1 & 2) • Can reduce symptoms of hay fever & asthma. (1 & 2) • Used as an anti-inflammatory in cases of arthritis. (1) • It can promote menstrual flow. (2) • The main active compound in feverfew is parthenolide. It also contains flavonids, camphor, volatile oils, bitter resin, and tannins. (1 & 2)

  5. Traditional Medicinal Uses • The various uses of feverfew were discovered during the 17th century by an herbalist named John Parkinson and an English physician named Culpeper. (1) • Feverfew was used to combat: mad dog bites, the plague, malaria. (1) • Helped relieve nerve pain caused by sciatica & shingles. (1) • Acted as an antiseptic and repellent for insects/insect bites, such as the honey bee. (1) • Warmed and mixed w/tea, feverfew could relieve cold and congestion symptoms. (1)

  6. Preparation for Use • Feverfew is collected for medicinal use as soon as the plant has flowers, but before the flowers have fully bloomed. (1) • Leaves are separated from the plant and left to dry out in a room that is devoid of direct sunlight. (1) • Once the leaves are dry it is called the “dried herb” and it is most commonly kept in dark containers. (1) • The picture to the right illustrates the dried leaves, also known as the feverfew herb. Which can be consumed with teas, or is available in capsule form. (1)

  7. Works Cited (1) Hanrahan, Clare. "Feverfew." Moneywatch.com/Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine. Retirement Publications, 06 Apr. 2001. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0003/ai_2603000363/?tag=content;col1>. (2) Canada. Government of Ontario. Ministry of Agricultural Food & Rural Affairs. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs / Ministère De L'Agriculture, De L'Alimentation Et Des Affaires Rurales De L'Ontario. By Jan Shooley. Queen's Printer for Ontario, 01 Jan. 2003. Web. 02 Oct. 2010. <http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/hort/herbs/feverf.htm>. (3) "Asteraceae." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compositae>. *All images searched for using Google Images.

  8. Symphytum officinale Samantha Carney Biol 454 Medical Ethnobotany Dr. Fisher October 7, 2010

  9. General Information • Commonly known as Comfrey • Family Boraginoideae or forget-me-not • Native to Britain and Ireland • Grows in damp, grassy places such as riverbanks and ditches • Flowers are small and bell shaped, and can be white, cream, pink, or light purple • Leaves are broad and hairy • Root is black and turnip like • Root is used for homeopathic remedy • Perennial Herb • Commonly confused with Foxglove when not flowering, which is deadly

  10. Uses • Internal uses: Bronchial problems, gastric ulcers, circulation, cancer, diarrhea, expectorant, sedative and stimulant. • External uses: broken bones, sprains, arthritis, severe burns, acne and other skin conditions, astringent, cancer, inflammation, sores and swelling, and varicose ulcers. • Bone and teeth building for children • Treatment of many female disorders • Comfrey is also a good source of fertility in an organic garden.

  11. Ingredients • Active ingredient: Allantoin- a cell proliferating compound that speeds up the natural replacement of body cells • Other ingredients: mucilage, steroidal saponins, tannins, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, inulin, and proteins. • Hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) can be particularly dangerous • There are at least 8 different PA compounds

  12. Problems and Controversy • PAs can lead to veno-occlusive disease (VOD), and this causes liver failure. • effects can be cumulative • In studies has been shown to cause cancer • People are warned not to ingest comfrey • Can cause irregular heartbeats and convulsions • Extreme amounts ingested can cause death • At least one documented death • Banned in Canada

  13. References “Species: Symphyum officinale L.” 2010. Global Biodiversity Information Facility.http://data.gbif.org/species/13743584 “Symphytum officinale- Comfrey.” 2008. Plants for Livestock. Cornell University: Department of Animal Science. http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/medicinal/comf.html “Symphytum officinale L.- common comfrey.” Plants Profile. United States Department of Agriculture. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SYOF

  14. Artemisia absinthium Derek Bucheli

  15. Description Absinthe is a perinneal plant with silvery gray, strongly aromatic foilage It is clump forming and semi woody It is well branched and the stems can reach up to 3 ft tall and 2 feet across Its flowers heads are yellow and they droop in leafy clusters The leaves are spirally arranged and bear minute oil-producing glands It is native to the Mediterranean and temperate regions of Europe Sage brush is a close relative to wormwood

  16. Active Compounds http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/488997 Volatile oil with a high level of thujone Sesquiterpene lactones Acetylenes Flavonoids Phenolic acids Lignans Malic acid Salic Absinthin Anabsinthin Succinic acid

  17. Traditional Uses They are used for gardening It was also used to make the psychedelic drink Absinthe, which was considered to cause mental illness. Used to remedy indigestion and gastric pain It acts as an antiseptic, as well as, a febrifuge Can be used as an anthelmintic in its dry encapsulated form Can help with sprains, bruises, and inflammations It can be used to help pregnant women with pain during labor The oil of plant can help with blood circulation Pure wormwood oil in inproper doses is very poisonous

  18. Recent Literature http://www.aclinmicrobiol.org.uk/training.html In a 2010 study done in Germany, physicians gave a certain number of patients with Chron’s Disease, some wormwood along with their usual treatment They were able to see that after 6 weeks that there were remission of symptoms in 80 percent of the patients It suppressed tumor necrosis, as well as the healing of patients It also improved the patient’s moods More testing will be done with wormwood in clinical conditions

  19. Literature Cited Christman, Steve. (2000). Artemisia absinthium. Floridata, 683. Retrieved October 5, 2010, from http://www.floridata.com/ref/a/arte_abs.cfm Herb data, Wormwood. (2000). Hollistic Online. Retrieved October 5, 2010, from http://www.holisticonline.com/herbal-med/_Herbs/ h312.htm Krebs, S., Omer, T.N., & Omer, B. (2010). Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) suppresses tumour necrosis factor alpha and accelerates healing in patients with Crohn's disease - A controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine, 17(5). Retrieved October 5, 2010, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962291

  20. Humulus lupulus (hop)

  21. Taxamony, Distribution, Ecology Humulus Lupulus is also known as Common hops, European hops A vine plant that native to Europe, Asia, and North America, Australia that thrives in moist, fertile, well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade in open positions, and it may rise to a height of twenty-three feet. Hops are the cone-like, fruiting bodies (strobiles) of the plant and are typically harvested from cultivated female plants Tiny male flowers (July-August) are greenish yellow; female ones are pale green, and are followed by greenish to greenish pink fruiting cones (called strobiles), which are covered with yellow glands that contain the hop bitters .

  22. It belongs to the family Cannabidaceae European hop Japanese hop

  23. Hop lupulin may vary in color from pale yellow to an intense golden color. Hops cone (breakdown) Bitter hops have much greater quantities of lupulin than the aromatic types.

  24. History: Hops gained acceptance in England as an ingredient in beer and as a medicinal herb in 17th century. American Indians made a sedative from the blossoms, and they also applied heated, dried flowers to relieve toothaches. • This substance prevents gram-negative bacteria from growing in the beer or wort • The essential oil in the flowering heads is used as a flavouring in cereal beverages and mineral waters. Extracts from the plant, and the oil, are used as flavouring in non-alcoholic beverages, frozen dairy desserts, candy, baked goods and puddings.

  25. Traditional Usage: • - Anxiety- Appetite Loss- Digestive Problems- Gynecological Aid- Hyper-excitability- Insomnia- Intestinal Cramps- Menopause- Nervous Tension- Restlessness- Skin Abrasions- Stress- Tension Headache- Ulcers- Urinary System Conditions. • The seeds contain gamma-linolenic acid, (plays a crucial role in brain function as well as normal growth and development. Also known as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), they help stimulate skin and hair growth, maintain bone health, regulate metabolism, and maintain the reproductive system)

  26. References Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. 1919. Hops and Lupulin. Herb & Supplement Encyclopedia. http://www.florahealth.com/flora/home/Canada/healthinformation/encyclopedias/HopsandLupulin.asp Humulus lupulus - L. Plants for a future. http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?Latin name=Humulus%20lupulus Humulus lupulus L.- common hop.” Plants Profile. United States Department of Agriculture. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HULU http://www.usahops.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=hop_info&pageID=15

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