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Creative Animation Techniques: A Comprehensive Overview

Explore the history, functions, and technologies of animation including stop-motion, CGI, and cartoon animation. Discover how animation brings characters to life, enhances storytelling, and offers unique perspectives. From early visual toys to modern feature-length films, delve into the evolution of animation techniques and innovations. Learn about iconic characters like Gertie the Dinosaur, Felix the Cat, and Mickey Mouse. Gain insights into the creative process behind cel animation, Disney's contributions, and the rise of abstract animation. Uncover the impact of rotoscoping, UPA's abstract style, and the artistry of stop-motion animation with examples such as Gumby and Wallace and Gromit. Dive into the world of animation and get inspired to create your own animated masterpieces.

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Creative Animation Techniques: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Animation

  2. Animate • tr.v.an·i·mat·ed, an·i·mat·ing, an·i·mates • 1. To give life to; fill with life. • 2. To impart interest or zest to; enliven: "The party was animated by all kinds of men and women" René Dubos. • 3. To fill with spirit, courage, or resolution; encourage.. • 4. To inspire to action; prompt. • 5. To impart motion or activity to. • 6. To make, design, or produce (a cartoon, for example) so as to create the illusion of motion. • The Free Dictionary by Farlex

  3. Animation • Forms of animation • Functions of animation • History of animation • Technology and process • Aesthetics

  4. Two major forms of animation • Stop-motion animation • Model/Puppet • Claymation/Mud animation • Pixelation • Cut-out animation • Cartoon or created animation • Cartoon • CGI

  5. Functions of animation • Surprise or wonder • Portrayal of wondrous creatures, action by inanimate objects • Combine humans with inhuman characters • Portray real places, events, etc. that cannot be filmed (efficiently) • CSI • House • Present content that would be considered inappropriate for live actors to engage in • South Park

  6. Functions of animation • Provide a viewpoint that cannot effectively be presented otherwise • Allow for enhanced interaction with the video • Real-time interactivity • Save money • But only for limited animation • Gain increased control over the video

  7. Animation has a long history • Early visual toys • Flip books, etc. • Development of animation in early days of film • Gertie the Dinosaur (McCay) • Stop-motion (Melies) • Animated shorts (1920s and 1930s) • Felix the Cat • Mickey Mouse • Merrie Melodies

  8. Early animation • Early animation was based on the production of a series of paper drawings that were then photographed in order • Gertie the Dinosaur • Very time-intensive process and quite simple pictures • B/W characters and flat backgrounds • Repetitive motions • Jerky presentation

  9. Fleisher brothers • Gradually more sophisticated presentations • More attention to narrative • Silent • Felix the Cat • Develop sound on film • Betty Boop

  10. Cartoon animation • At first, all pictures were hand-drawn completely • Cel process • Portion of the picture that moves is drawn on plastic sheet, background remains steady • As animation progressed, multiple cel layers were developed

  11. Cel animation • Rather than producing all pix on opaque paper, animators began to use layers of cellophane and change only parts of the picture, usually retaining the background for many pictures and only replacing the top cel with the characters

  12. Disney • During the 1930s Walt Disney’s animation studios came to dominate the commercial animation scene • Turned to feature-length films after Snow White • Naturalism • Shorts were often produced by Warner Bros, Fleischer, others • More abstract

  13. Disney • Walt Disney wanted to make the animation seem realistic even as it portrayed animals as talking, etc. • Realistic movement • Realistic background • Sense of depth • Color

  14. Disney innovations • Color • Sound • Depth • Camera • Realistic depiction • Extensive use of Rotoscope (not first to use) • Feature length • Industrialization of production

  15. Rotoscoping • To improve the naturalness of the motion, the device projected actual photos onto a light table where they were traced and the outline was then filled in with cartoon character • Used in Snow White to make her movements more realistic

  16. Cartoon animation • Developed a system (Disney perfected) where main animators would produce “key frames” or pictures that occurred at most important moments of action, then “tweeners” would produce the pictures that occurred between the key frames

  17. UPA • Very abstract • Limited animation • Cheaper • Gerald McBoingBoing

  18. Abstract animation • Many animators do not want to present animation as though it were real—want the art of the visual and the audio to be retained • Merry Melodies • Ralph Bakshi • Matt Groening

  19. Stop motion • Take picture, move object, take picture • Painstaking process • Can look jerky • Models can have mechanical problems • May need multiple models/puppets, etc. • The most spectacular example in early film was King Kong • Stop motion had been developed some time before, but usually only lasted a short time, did not try to present life-like motion of objects

  20. Stop motion • Melies • King Kong • Gumby • Wallace and Gromit • Monty Python

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