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Understanding Power Factor Correction in Electrical Engineering

This document, prepared by Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa from the Electrical Engineering Department at Pharos University, explores the critical concept of power factor (PF) in electrical circuits. It defines power factor as the ratio of active power to total power, highlighting the implications of lagging and leading PF in inductive and capacitive circuits respectively. The text discusses methods to improve power factor through devices that draw leading current. Additionally, it includes a practical example involving a single-phase motor, illustrating how to calculate the required capacitor capacity for improving PF.

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Understanding Power Factor Correction in Electrical Engineering

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  1. Pharos UniversityEE-385 Electrical Power & Machines “Electrical Engineering Dept” Prepared By: Dr. SaharAbd El MoneimMoussa Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa

  2. Power Factor Correction Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa

  3. Power Factor Correction • The power factor is the ratio between the active power of the load(P in watt) to the total power of the load (S in VA) P.F= P Ѳ Q S Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa

  4. Accordingly the power factor can be defined as Cosine the angle between the voltage & the current in the a.c. circuit P.F= Cos θ I IC IR V Ѳ IL - IC Itotal IL Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa

  5. In inductive circuits  There is lagging P.F • In capacitive circuits  there is leading P.F • Most of loads are inductive in nature & have low lagging P.F which is highly undesirable as it causes an increase in current resulting in additional losses of active power in all elements of the power system • To improve the P.F, some devices taking leading power should be connected in parallel to the load. • This device draws a leading current & partly or completely neutralizes the lagging reactive component of the load current. Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa

  6. Example 2: A single phase 400 V, 50 Hz motor takes a supplying current 50 A at a power factor 0.6 lagging. The motor p.f. has been improved to 0.9 lagging by connecting a capacitor in parallel. Calculate the capacity of the capacitor. Solution: • The active current of the motor is IL(active) = IL1 x Cos 1 = 50 x 0.6= 30 A Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa

  7. Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa

  8. Motor new current IL2= • IL1 (Reactive) = IL1 x Sin 1=50 x 0.8 = 40 A • IL2(Reactive) = IL2x Sin 2=33.3 x 0.435 =14.53 • Current neutralized by the capacitor= IL1 - IL2 = 40-14.53 = 25.47 A • Since the Capacitor is connected in parallel = V x 2  f C Dr. Sahar Abd El Moneim Moussa

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