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CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE. Prescribed Learning Outcomes. It is expected that student will: *demonstrate awareness of artistic expression as a reflection of the culture in which it was created *describe how societies preserve identity, transmit culture, and adapt to change

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CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

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  1. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

  2. Prescribed Learning Outcomes • It is expected that student will: *demonstrate awareness of artistic expression as a reflection of the culture in which it was created *describe how societies preserve identity, transmit culture, and adapt to change *identify periods of significant cultural achievement

  3. What is Classical Architecture? • Classical is the term given to time when Greeks and Romans… • …influenced the western world • 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. • Also called Age of Antiquity

  4. The Greeks and Romans • Classical architecture has come to mean… • …the beautifully balanced and harmoniously simple • …architecture of the Greeks and Romans

  5. Classical Architecture in Vancouver… • The Classical style has influenced many buildings in the Vancouver area, including: • The Vancouver Public Library

  6. Looks similar to the Roman Colosseum… • …the architects even tried to copy the wall that has been restored

  7. Vancouver Art Gallery, Georgia Street • Federal Building, West Hastings Street

  8. Seabus South Terminal

  9. The History of Classical Architecture is Simple… • Greeks developed classical forms • Romans copied and adapted them • Italians of the Renaissance rediscovered it after the Middle Ages

  10. Best Examples of Classical Architecture… • …are Greek Temples • Greeks preferred to work in marble and… • …liked the POST-AND-LINTEL STYLE

  11. Post-and-Lintel Style…

  12. Stonehenge in England… • Built in Post-and-Lintel Style

  13. The Romans… • …called the post-and-lintel style “Trabeated” • …from the root word “trabes” which means beam • Romans copied the trabeated format

  14. Romans also liked Arcuated Style • Greeks did not particularly like this style

  15. Three Classical Orders of Architecture… • #1 Doric • #2 Ionic • #3 Corinthian

  16. Look at the Capital First… • Capital, or top of the column tells you what order the Temple is… • Oldest is Doric used much by Greeks • Romans Preferred Corinthian

  17. …From the Bottom up! • Once you have determined the order of the temple… • You can then begin to examine its 4 parts

  18. …From the Bottom up! • Start with steps • Next the entire column • Then horizontal section on top of columns • Then the angled section on roof

  19. 1. Start with the Steps… Paestum, Italy • Many Greek Temples have 3 steps Nimes, France 5 C.E. • Roman Temples tend to have more

  20. 2. Next Section is the Column… • Most columns have a base at the bottom • …followed by a shaft… • …finally a capital on top • The only order that usually does not have a base is Doric

  21. Columns can be….. Fluted (vertical grooves) Plain or non-fluted

  22. Doric Columns • Oldest and simplest order • Usually has no base • Extensively used by Greeks

  23. Doric Capital • Plain Capital with no design • Looks like a squished eraser

  24. Ionic Capital • Next order is a bit more fancy • Has scroll-like volutesthat resemble sea shells or ram’s horns • Ionic columns are slimmer and usually fluted

  25. Corinthian Capital • Last order is the most decorative • Used extensively by the Romans • Leaves are called Acanthus Leaves

  26. Corinthian Capitals often contain small volutes as well • Acanthus leaf trees grew throughout Italy • Usually has two rows of acanthus leaves

  27. 3. Next Section is the Entablature… • Sometimes called the Horizontal Entablature • Think of a temple as a table… • columns are the legs • Entablature is the “Table top”

  28. Entablature consists of… • …Three sections: 1. Architrave 2. Frieze 3. (Horizontal) Cornice

  29. Entablature • Frieze is often sculpted • Architrave is often plain Entablature of the Parthenon, Athens, Greece

  30. St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City, Rome, Italy

  31. 4. Next Section is the Pediment… • Top section of a classical style temple is called the Pediment • Triangular portion • ..usually contain decorative sculpture National Archives, Washington D.C., USA

  32. Pediment consists of… • Tympanum which usually contains important sculptures • Sloping Cornice (usually matches horizontal cornice

  33. Often located on the roof… • Acroterion: sculptures on the front of the temple • Antefixes (singular antefix) found on side

  34. 5. Examples of Classical Architecture… • Palazzo Rucellai in Florence, Italy • Classical Corinthian Columns have been incorporated into side of building

  35. Pantheon, Rome Italy

  36. Forum, Rome Italy

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