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Understanding Viruses and Cell Organelles in Biology

This overview delves into key biological concepts relating to viruses and the organelles of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It highlights the primary differences between these cell types, focusing on structures like the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus. The role of amino acids in protein synthesis is explained, along with the processes of diffusion and osmosis. By exploring these processes, we can better understand how cells maintain balance and transport materials across membranes. The content also touches on the importance of chloroplasts in photosynthesis.

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Understanding Viruses and Cell Organelles in Biology

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  1. Biology 1A Fall 2013

  2. Bio-Words Virus viruses Organelles Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Chloroplast Amino acid Proteins Active transport Low and high concentration Osmosis Diffusion Synthesize Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Cell wall Cell membrane Deoxyribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid Vi-rus vi-rus-es Or-gan-elles Gol-giAp-pa-rat-us Nu-cle-us Eu-kar-y-ot-ic cells Pro-kar-y-ot-ic cells Chlo-ro-plast A-mi-no ac-id Pro-teins Ac-tive trans-port Low and high con-cen-tra-tion Os-mo-sis Dif-fu-sion Syn-the-size Cy-to-plasm Cy-to-skel-e-ton Cell wall Cell mem-brane De-ox-y-ri-bo-nu-cle-ic ac-id Ribonucleic acid

  3. This is a disease-causing agent. DNA or RNA virus Protein coat

  4. Prokaryotes

  5. Eukaryotes

  6. So, what’s the major difference?

  7. Nucleus is the structure found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes. _________________________________

  8. GOLGI APPARATUS

  9. GOLGI APPARATUS It is an organelle. It packages proteins into vesicles.

  10. Amino acids • These ______________ are the building blocks of proteins. They band together in chains to form the stuff from which life is born. This is a two-step process: first, they get together and form peptides or polypeptides, and it is from these groupings that proteins are made.

  11. Photosythesis *Is light dependent reactions. *In the process, sugar is made. *Chloroplasts are found in plant cells. *Chloroplasts use the energy stored in ATP. *Chloroplasts use carbon dioxide.

  12. *When monomers are linked together, what are they called? They are called polymers. *When amino acids are linked together, what are they called? They are called proteins.

  13. Diffusion vs. Osmosis • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_diffusion_works.html

  14. Explain what is happening here.

  15. Osmosis

  16. Osmosis in cells

  17. Cells have a special kind of energy. • Low concentration • High concentration • Equilibrium • Movements of molecules • Diffusion • Osmosis • Semipermeable membrane……… What do you think cells are capable to doing?

  18. How do cells move a material from an area of low concentration across a membrane into an area of higher concentration? Facilitate diffusion, which does not require using energy. Facilitate diffusion, which requires using energy. Active transport, which requires using energy. Active transport, which does not require using energy.

  19. Four Proteins

  20. Cytochome c pepsin hemoglobin myoglobin

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