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KM3NeT Seafloor network: WPH report

Antonio Capone University “La Sapienza” and INFN - Roma. KM3NeT Seafloor network: WPH report. WPH goals: prepare the specifications for the main components of the deep-sea infrastructure: Main electro-optical cable (MEOC);

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KM3NeT Seafloor network: WPH report

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  1. Antonio Capone University “La Sapienza” and INFN - Roma KM3NeT Seafloor network: WPH report WPH goals: prepare the specifications for the main components of the deep-sea infrastructure: Main electro-optical cable (MEOC); Power transmission and distribution; DC/DC (Medium Voltage Converter, MVC) and/or AC/DC converters; sea return (short/long distances from shore: site dependent developments) Deep-Sea operated electro-optical connectors: HV, hybrid low voltage, ….; Junction Boxes: primary (PJB) (short/long distances from shore: site dependent developments), secondary (SJB); ROV and/or AUV needed for the deep-sea handling infrastructure; manipulating tools to be mounted on the ROV set-up an engineering plan for construction of the deep-Sea handling infrastructure and tools (ROV, manipulators, …) Validation and long duration tests of some critical components going on: DC/DC power converters Connectors ROV KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  2. A deep-sea infrastructure for KM3NeT The KM3NeT-DS TDR described two possible solutions for the detector layout and indicated the first one as preferred. Star-like geometry for 1 “building block” “Ring” geometry Other aspects of the infrastructure were questioned (DC or AC; MEOC with sea return or two wires; MVC: where, penetrator or HV connector; the HV value: 10kV or less; …) KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  3. AC/DC versus DC/DC power transmission In the case of long cabled distances, the cable parameters plays a mayor role in an alternating current power grid regardless the power itself. Typical number for reactive losses are in the range of 3-5 kVAR/km for 10 kV, 2 wire, cross-linked PE-cable [2]. The DC losses in contrast are only related to Iload2Rcu. Due to the effects as skin effect (only AC) and proximity effect, Rcu will be higher then just the calculated copper resistance. Moreover the isolation value of the cable depends on the peak value of the voltage and not on the rms voltage. This imply that with the same current a DC transfer can handle √2 more power. To convert AC to lower power levels often transformers are used, simple robust components. However, by the reactive behaviour of a long distance transfer a power factor corrector is needed to optimize the power transfer within the rules of the main supplier. This is done by extra inductors in the cable and an electronic device, to modulate the current, which is working by the same components as a DC to DC convertor. So in terms of losses (cable construction and cross section) and complex components subsea the direct current transfer will be preferred. SJB PFC AC concept SJB DC concept Comparison of a DC power transfer and a AC power transfer with the most important components E. Heine [1] http://www.enotes.com/topic/War_of_Currents [2] E.Heine, H.Z.Peek, “Power distribution”, 2003 http://www.vlvnt.nl/proceedings/ Comparison of a DC power transfer and a AC power transfer for transmission with sea return.

  4. What’s the intensity of the magnetic field due to DC/DC transmission with “sea return” ? A DC-link will produce an electromagnetic field which will disturbs the local Earth Magnetic Field (EMF). Some marine life seems to use the EMF for their navigation during migration from living ground to reproducing grounds [1], although other reports are denying this effect [3]. The EMF intensity (or induction) is in the order of 40-50 μT [2]. The absolute value and variation is shown in figure 1a,b. Fig.1, Intensity and variation of the earth magnetic field To calculate the EMF intensity of a one conductor cable we use the Biot – Savart law for a very long cable; B=μI/2πr [T] B=induction, I=current [A], r=distance [m], μ=μ0μrpermeability μ0=4π.10-7, μr≈1 for seawater For a load of 100kW (10A @ 10kV) figure 2 shows the influence on the EMF. Although there are not found references to qualify the influence on life, the outcome on a small distance is a fraction of the earth magnetic field. So there is only some effect in shallow water. [1] http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/animal-migration-13259533 [2] http://www.geomag.bgs.ac.uk/earthmag.html#_TOC2075560 [3] http://www.electricity-today.com/et/issue0402/i04_swepol.htm Fig.2, Influence of the cable on the EMF for an uni-polar and a bi-polar (2 wires on 5cm) transmission. E. Heine

  5. Floor plan for 1 Building Block with “star layout” From now on we will discuss the deep sea infrastructure for one KM3NeT Building Block ~ 100 D.U.s Cable glossary VEOC IL HEOC MEOC 1 8 6 2 7 1 8 3 C. 2 7 5 4 1 8 1 7 6 3 7 5 DU 2 A. 8 4 3 6 1 2 8 B. 5 1 6 8 7 7. 3 2 5 4 2 3 7 3 4 1 4 1 4. 5 6 8. 7 8 6 2 4 8 8 5 2 6. 1 7 2 6 6 3 7 9. 3. 5 8 3 3 6 4 1 5 2 1 5 3 4 4 1 7 2 5. 7 8 8 4 3 6 2 6 5 1. JB 5 2. 3 7 4 4 1 2 8 5 6 7 0. 6 E. Heine 3 4 5 KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  6. Star-like layout: main components KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  7. Star-like layout: cable specifications A monopolar cable with sea return (positive electrode on “wet ground”, on shore, and negative electrode in water ) provides the solution with lower power dissipation. KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  8. Star-like layout: power distribution system - 1 One KM3NeT Building block at 100km from the shore. KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  9. Star-like layout: power distribution system - 2 KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  10. The Medium Voltage Converter - 1 Two 10kV-400V DC/DC MVCs produced by by ALCATEL are owned by the KM3NeT community (NEMO): each one delivers 10kW. ALCATEL (Dec. 2010) confirmed no future production of other MVCs like the NEMO (2) / NEPTUNE (6) ones. Other possible suppliers:  PBF,  Heinzinger, CAEN, OceanWorks (Canada), L-3 MariPro have been contacted and showed great interest and competence. Specifications have been given. KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  11. The Medium Voltage Converter - 2 TheALCATEL MVC. Deployed since in Capo Passero site in December 2010 and operational since then (no load). Smooth operation, no problem reported so far. KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  12. The Medium Voltage Converter - 3 Specifications for the OceanWorksMVC under study: • Input range from -7kVDC to -10kVDC • Output voltage of 375VDC at 10kW • 10 kW modules • telemetry system for output power and working parameters • internal cooling • no need for switching system at the HV input (soft start system) • several (≥6) MVCs able to work in parallel • dimensions (assumption): 20 inches x 36 inches Estimated (Oceanworks) time schedule: • 8 months for the prototype unit • 4 months for each additional unit KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  13. Star-like layout: power budget and distribution It could be an over-estimate KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  14. Star Layout: the Primary Junction Box schematics KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  15. The Secondary Junction Box power system schematics KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  16. The PJB Power System Box KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  17. The SJB Power System Box KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  18. The Star-like layout Photonics scheme KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  19. The Marigold - MEUST scheme KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  20. The Marigold - MEUST scheme KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  21. The MEUST – seabed power distribution system KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  22. The MEUST – optical layout system KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  23. The MEUST – controls and redundancies KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  24. MARIGOLD Network components Marigold nodes : Seareturn electrode Junction box Manifold Manifold KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012 Twomain components : node= Junction box + manifolds

  25. The MEUST – requirements for the MEOC KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  26. The MEUST – elements of the seabed layout KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  27. The MEUST – deploying the seabed layout KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  28. The MEUST Node (JB) power system general scheme KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  29. MEUST proposition for 90 DU layout KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  30. Modular Connectorized Distribution Unit The PJB - APC hybrid wet mateable connector KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  31. The PJB H.V. connectors KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  32. KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  33. Development of new electro-optical connectors - 1 KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  34. Development of new electro-optical connectors - 2 KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  35. The Earth-Sea Science Sea-Floor: detectors positions Sea Floor Real Estate -1 Safety distance Active Sensors Acoustic Optic KM3NET Safety Radius Benign Sensors only KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  36. The Earth-Sea Science Sea-Floor: detectors position Sea Floor Real Estate – 2 options KM3NET Distributed junction boxes around the array KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  37. The Earth-Sea Science Sea-Floor: requests • BANDWIDTH • hdtv RAW 30FPS 1.5Gbit per second • Compression Mpeg 50MBs 20MBs • 10 cameras = 500 MBs • Multibeam sonars • Within capacity of one wavelength on fibre • Conclude bandwidth is not a problem • 2 Gbs capacity • POWER • 10kW total for ES science specified in TDR • lights 500W each 1KW halogen • Power can be reduced by LEDs • What about sonars? • Motors (inductive load) • AUV docking • Crawlers ( Wally) , ROVs • 10kW capacity at each JB but not used all the time KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012

  38. Summary KM3NeT WPH report to the general meeting, LNS, Catania, 22/02,2012 Seafloor network for a KM3NeT building block has been defined. Cables specifications are set (MEOC, HEOC, ILC, VEOC). Contact with industries advanced (ALCATEL, NEXANS, DRAKA, …) Power and command/data routings (on cables, PJB, SJBs, DU) are described schematically. Connectors and penetrators for HV, LV, cables, fibers, hybrid, available, under tests, under development. Medium Voltage Converters for DC/DC power transmission available (ALCATEL) and/or under study (Oceanworks, L-3 MariPro). Detailed study and development of PJB and SJBs are going on. MEUSTscheme for sea-floor network (and components) has been developedfor Toulon area.

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