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Spain Builds an American Empire

Mr. Morris World History. Spain Builds an American Empire. Key Terms Ch. 20.1 pg. 553. Christopher Columbus Colony Hernando Cortes Conquistador Francisco Pizarro Encomienda. Setting the Stage. Many European nations started expanding into Asia to increase their power

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Spain Builds an American Empire

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  1. Mr. Morris World History Spain Builds an American Empire

  2. Key Terms Ch. 20.1 pg. 553 • Christopher Columbus • Colony • Hernando Cortes • Conquistador • Francisco Pizarro • Encomienda

  3. Setting the Stage • Many European nations started expanding into Asia to increase their power • Christopher Columbus left Spain in 1492 trying to find a new route to Asia • Wound up in the Caribbean

  4. The Voyages of Columbus • In August of 1492, Christopher Columbus left Spain at dawn • Crew in the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria

  5. First Encounters • When Columbus reached the shore, he thought he was in the Indies • Called the people Indians • Landed at San Salvador – “Holy Savior” • Began to look for gold, searching many islands and claiming them for Spain in the process • When Columbus returned, the people were amazed at what he said and financed more trips to establish colonies

  6. Other Explorers Take to the Seas • As more countries sponsored trips to this “new world,” parts of the Americas were divided between many European nations • Named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci • Later, Ferdinand Magellan left Spain and his crew sailed around the world over three years • Magellan died, only 18 of 250 men returned to Spain

  7. Spanish Conquests in Mexico • After conquering several islands, the Spanish turned their sights to the American mainland • Hernando Cortes sailed to Mexico looking for riches and gold • Men he led were called conquistadors (conquerors) • Spanish were the first American settlers, making their countries rich and leaving an impact in America

  8. Cortes Conquers the Aztecs • After Cortes landed, he marched to Mexico’s interior and met with the Aztec people • Reached the capital city of Tenochtitlan, where Montezuma II, the emperor, accepted Cortes as a god • Eventually, tensions began to mount between the Aztecs and the Spanish • Back and forth fighting between the two

  9. Cortes Conquers the Aztecs • Eventually, Cortes’ forces defeated the Aztecs • Spanish had better weapons (guns & cannons > arrows) • Cortes convinced other tribes in the area to join him in his fight against the Aztecs • European diseases killed many native people because they had never been exposed to them

  10. Pizarro Subdues the Inca • Francisco Pizarro of Spain led another force into South America • Army of 200 defeated several thousand Inca during an ambush and they kidnapped Atahualpa, the Incan ruler • Atahualpa offered gold & silver for his release • After the Spanish received his promised treasure, they strangled the ruler • Eventually conquered all Incan lands

  11. Spain’s Pattern of Conquest • After Spain conquered a region, men would come in and settle it • Lots of children of mixed heritage • Native people were treated much like slaves and forced to do work for Spanish landlords

  12. The Portuguese in Brazil • Portugal held on to Brazil and kept it out of Spanish hands • No gold, started sugar plantations • High demand for sugar in Europe, business thrived and more plantations were built farther inland

  13. Spain’s Influence Expands • Spain became the most powerful nation in the world thanks to riches from the American colonies • In order to protect their possessions, Spain created a stronger military

  14. Conquistadors Push North • Spanish eventually made it to modern day America in their travels • Claimed Florida and the American Southwest (AZ, NM, TX) for Spain • No gold, so Catholic priests were sent to the area to gain converts to Catholicism • Capital in Santa Fe – “Holy Faith”

  15. Opposition to Spanish Rule • Spanish priests argued that native people should be treated more humanely • Said that the encomienda system was cruel and should be abolished

  16. African Slavery and Native Resistance • Eventually, the encomienda system was abolished • In order to fill the gap that was left, some suggested African slavery • During this period, native people began to resist Spanish rule • Tried to fight them off but it was not successful

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