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TFEIP 2012, Bern

TFEIP 2012, Bern. Tinus Pulles. Outline. Present day reporting and available EFs Measurements of HM contents in fuels The contribution from lube oils Copare our estimates with the countries’ estimates. Implied Emission Factors in National Inventories. Large variation Incomparable?.

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TFEIP 2012, Bern

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  1. TFEIP 2012, Bern Tinus Pulles

  2. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Outline • Present day reporting and available EFs • Measurements of HM contents in fuels • The contribution from lube oils • Copare our estimates with the countries’ estimates

  3. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Implied Emission Factors in National Inventories • Large variation • Incomparable?

  4. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Many different EFs fly around • Broad ranges in EFs as published in the literature

  5. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Fuel used in countries in pour study We cover 80% or more of the fuels used in 2009 in the European Union Data from EUROSTAT

  6. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Reproducibility We took for many samples two, three of four measurements Scatter graphs and regression analyses show that our measurement techniques was quite reproducible We have many measurements above the detection limit

  7. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Frequency distributions • Samples show a lognormal frequency distribution for all metals. • Some issues with detection limit

  8. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Between country differences? Not too many samples per country Lognormal statistics of measured concentrations overlap No differences between countries observed! No correlations between HMs (not shown)

  9. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Emission factors from fuel • Overview of HM contents of fuels • In petrol all HMs are observed • In diesel AS, CD and SE are below detection limit

  10. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Lube oil Lube also contains HMs Part of Lube oil might be burned We used the data collected by Morton Winther and colleagues Lube oil use 1kg per 9000 km Fuel use 1 kg per 12 km HM’s in fuel are about 750 times as importasnt as HMs in lube oil

  11. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Compare reported emissions from vehicle tail pipes with our estimates

  12. Tinus Pulles TFEIP 2012, Bern Conclusions • Heavy metals have been measured in petrol and diesel on the market in Europe and EFs have been derived • HM concentrations vary over a broad range, but are in the ppb range (a few 17 tenths of a ppb to a few hundred ppb for all metals) • No differences between countries detected • The fuel based emission factors as derived in this study are compared with those related to lubricant use as published by Winther and Slentø (2010). For most HMs studied here, this would lead to an two to fourfold increase of the tailpipe emissions as derived from the fuel concentrations. • Many countries overestimate HM emisisons from vehicles’ tail pipes

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