GSI/ETKF Regional Hybrid Data Assimilation with MMM Hybrid Testbed

1. GSI/ETKF Regional Hybrid Data Assimilation with MMM Hybrid Testbed Arthur P. Mizzi (mizzi@ucar.edu) NCAR/MMM 2011 GSI Workshop June 29 – July 1, 2011 NCAR – FL2 Boulder, CO

2. Steps for GSI Hybrid Data Assimilation • Generate initial ensemble. • Calculate ensemble mean and variance. • Update ensemble mean with GSI regional hybrid. • Update ensemble perturbations using ETKF, LETKF, EnKF, Inverse Hessian, PO, or BV. • Obtain total fields by adding updated mean and perturbation for each ensemble member. • Update the boundary conditions. • Run cycle time forecasts for each ensemble member. • Go to step 2 and repeat process with the ensemble forecasts from step 7.

3. GSI/ETKF Regional Hybrid Cycling Updated Ensemble Perturbations Ensemble Forecast Ensemble Perturbations E T K F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ensemble analysis GSI Hybrid Ensemble Mean (background) Ensemble Mean (analysis)

4. GSI Hybrid DA: Variational Part Ensemble Perturbations (extra input) . . . GSI Hybrid Ensemble Mean (background) Ensemble Mean (analysis)

5. GSI Hybrid DA: Perturbation Part Ensemble Perturbations Updated Ensemble Perturbations Ensemble Forecast E T K F . . . . . . . . . . . . GSI Hybrid Ensemble Mean (analysis)

6. GSI Hybrid Cost Function 6

7. Ensemble Perturbation Generation • EnKF (GSI/EnKF based on DART in MMM Hybrid Testbed) • Computationally expensive • Undersampling • Requires inflation • Spurious correlations, requires localization • ETKF (GSI/ETKF various inflation schemes in MMM Hybrid Testbed) • Computationally fast • Undersampling • Rank deficiency • Requires inflation • Spurious correlations, not easily localized

8. Ensemble Perturbation Generation • LETKF (GSI/LETKF in MMM Hybrid Testbed) • Computationally fast • Undersampling • Reduced rank deficiency • Localization eliminates spurious correlations • Inverse Hessian methods • Under investigation • PROBLEM: Under-sampling of forecast distribution results in underestimation of ensemble spread – need inflation.

9. ETKF Inflation Schemes The ETKF underestimates the posterior analysis ensemble spread due to undersampling. Inflation schemes are used to correct that underestimation. WG03 – Wang and Bishop (2003): averages the innovations when calculating the inflation. WG07 – Wang et al. (2007): averages the innovations and corrects the percentage of variance projecting onto the ensemble subspace. BW08 – Bowler et al. (2008): similar to the WG03 scheme, does not average innovations, uses inflation parameters from the previous cycle to damp inflation factor oscillations. TRNK – NCAR/MMM research scheme, similar to WG03, averages the inflation factor instead of the innovations.

10. GSI/ETKF Regional Hybrid Cycling Results • Ensemble size: 20 • Study Period: Aug. 15 – Aug. 25, 2007 (Hurricane Dean Test Case). • Cycle time: 12 hr. • Domain: Same as single observation experiments. • Observations: GTS conventional observations. • ICs/BCs: GFS forecasts. • Ensemble ICs/BCs: Produced by adding spatially correlated Gaussian noise to GFS forecasts.

11. ETKF Inflation Factor Time Series

12. Posterior Ensemble Spread Time Series

13. Constant ETKF Observation Exps.

14. ETKF Obs Exps: Post Ensemble Spread

15. Ensemble Spread: u-wind (m/s) Aug 22, 2007 00Z 700 hPa WG07 WG03 TRNK BW08

16. Ensemble Mean Wind Speed (m/s)Aug 22, 2007 00Z 700 hPa WG07 WG03 BW08 TRNK

17. Spread Verification: u-wind (m/s) 500 hPa WG07 WG03 BW08 TRNK

18. 12-hr Forecast RMSE Vertical Profiles

19. 12-hr Forecast RMSE Time Series

20. Presented results from the GSI/ETKF regional hybrid and a comparison of different ETKF inflation factors. • Different ETKF inflation schemes give different results in terms of ensemble spread and mean. • WG07 inflation scheme gave optimal results in terms of 12-hr forecast RMSE scores. • Oscillations in inflation factor and posterior ensemble spread are due to variations in the number of ETKF observations. • Holding the number of ETKF observations constant removes those oscillations. Reducing the number of ETKF observations may improve 12-hr forecast RMSE scores. • GSI/ETKF regional hybrid improves 12-hr forecast RMSE scores compared GSI in conventional 3D-Var mode. Summary

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