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Acids, Bases, and Salts

Acids, Bases, and Salts. Chapter 23. Acids and Bases – Section 1. What do you think of when you hear acid? Acids have at least ____ hydrogen atom that can be removed Acid: produces ______ in a water solution. H + reacts w/ H 2 O to form H 3 O +  ____________________ ion.

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Acids, Bases, and Salts

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  1. Acids, Bases, and Salts Chapter 23

  2. Acids and Bases – Section 1 • What do you think of when you hear acid? • Acids have at least ____ hydrogen atom that can be removed • Acid: produces ______ in a water solution. • H+ reacts w/ H2O to form H3O+ ____________________ ion

  3. Properties of Acids • Taste _______________ • ____________ on skin • Corrosive – irreparable _____________ • React strongly w/ certain metals and produce H2 ___________ • React w/ indicators to produce different _____________ • _________________: organic compound that changes color in an acid or base.

  4. Common Acids

  5. Bases • Ex: ____________ powder, Mallox and antacids are bases • ______________: clean greasy, fatty substances (bases) • Base: produce hydroxide ion,________, in H2O solution. Also, accepts H+ ion.

  6. Properties of Bases • _____________ of acids • Many are crystalline ____________ • Most are _____________ compounds • Feel ___________ and have bitter taste • Corrosive and cause severe _________ • React w/ ________________ to produce different colors

  7. Common Bases

  8. Strengths of Acids and Bases Section 2

  9. Strong and Weak Acids • Strength depend on how many _______________ dissociate into ions • Strong Acid: nearly _________ molecules dissociate into ions • Ex: HCl, __________ , H2SO4

  10. Strong and Weak Acids • Weak Acids: only _________ amount dissolves in water • ________ do the damage – more ions more _____________!! • Ex: Acetic Acid and _____________ Acid

  11. Strong and Weak Acids

  12. Strong vs. Weak • Strong:  • All _________________ • Weak:  • Some __________________ and Some Products

  13. Strong and Weak Bases • Most ___________ are ionic compounds • Strong Base: dissociate _____________ to its ions. Ex: sodium hydroxide, NaOH • Weak Base: does __________ dissociate completely. Ex: ammonia, NH3

  14. Dilute and Concentration • Dilute: more ____________ than acid • Concentrated: more ___________ than water • Can have concentrated ________ acid and _____________ strong acid

  15. Measuring Strength • pH: measure of concentration of _____ • More H+ the _____________ the pH • Scale from 0 – 14 • 7 = __________, concentration of OH- = concentration of ________ • Below 7 = _____________, more H+ • Above 7 = _____________, more OH-

  16. pH Scale

  17. Buffers • Def: solutions containing __________ that react with additional acids or bases to _________________ effects on pH

  18. Salts Section 3

  19. Neutralization • Def: rxn between an ____________ and a ______________ that takes place in a water solution. • 2 rxns occur: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) • H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l) ________ • Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)  NaCl(aq) ________

  20. Salt Formation • _____________: compound formed when (-) ion from combines with __________ ion from base • Ex: NaCl

  21. Acid Base Rxns • acid + _______  salt + ________ • 2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

  22. Soaps and Detergents • ___________(water) and Nonpolar(grease fat) substances • “Like dissolves Like” • Polar dissolves Polar, etc. • Soaps have both Polar and _________ ends • Mix with water and grease • Hydrocarbon Chain is 12 - _____ carbons

  23. Soap Scum • Salts form that are ______________ in water • _________________ do NOT make insoluble salts • can be used in cold water

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