EOG REVIEW 8 th grade SCIENCE

1. EOG REVIEW 8th grade SCIENCE

2. GOAL 7 Microbiology PROTISTS

3. protists • The PROTISTS are the • most diverse • of all kingdoms.

4. CHARACTERISTICS of PROTISTS 1) organisms that make up one of six kingdoms of living thingss • 2) most are microscopic • 3) differ from bacteria- cells contain nuclei • 4) most are single-celled, some are • multi-cellular (seaweeds) • 5) live in all moist environments- fresh water, salt water, forest floors

5. algae plant-like protists that live mostly in water and use sunlight as a source of energy • WHY PLANT-LIKE? 1) carry out the process of photosynthesis 2) serve as food for other organisms 3) supply oxygen to the atmosphere

6. plankton mostly microscopic organisms that drift in great numbers through bodies of water

7. protozoa animal-like protists that eat other organisms or decaying parts of other organisms

8. a) EUGLENA- PROPERTIES • unicellular protist with nucleus • characteristics of both • plants and animals • can move about freely • can feed on other organisms • ability to make own food • contain chloroplasts • has an eyespot sensitive to light • carries out photosynthesis • uses flagellum to propel • through water

9. flagellum a whip-like appendage (tail) used for movement in some bacteria and protists BACTERIA EUGLENA

10. c) PARAMECIUM- PROPERTIES • unicellular protist • common in ponds and • slow-moving streams • covered with tiny hairs • called cilia • use cilia for movement • feeds on bacteria, algae, • and other tiny organisms • feeds with structure called • an oral groove • contractile vacuole pumps out • excess water • contains 2 nuclei

11. cilia • microscopic hair-like projections on the surfaces of some cells and organisms • used for movement in protozoans (animal-like protists) • Latin for "eyelash" PARAMECIUM

12. b) AMOEBA- PROPERTIES • unicellular protist with nucleus • animal-like • capable of movement • obtain nutrition by feeding • on other organisms • move using structures called • pseudopods • use pseudopods for feeding

13. pseudopods • temporary cytoplasm-filled projections of the cell wall that certain eukaryotic cells use for motion or for ingesting nutrients • used for movement and engulfing (capturing) food in protozoans (animal-like protists) • Greek for “false foot" AMOEBA

14. AMOEBA The amoebas are a blob of cytoplasm formed in a single cell.  By flowing their cytoplasm forward into a "foot" then bringing the rest of their body into the foot, they can slither along slowly. The amoebas eat by surrounding and engulfing (capturing) their food with pseudopods. 15)

15. d) VOLVOX- PROPERTIES • unicellular protist • a type of green algae • contains chloroplasts • can carry out photosynthesis • does not live alone • forms a group of cells known as • a colony; a single colony • may consist of over 500 cells • each surface cell uses flagella • to propel colony through water • makes nutrients

16. PROPERTIES • unicellular • some form chains or clumps • no nucleus • genetic material floats freely in cytoplasm • no organelles (other than ribosomes) • reproduce by binary fission • (1 cell divides into 2 cells) • cell membrane and cell wall • some have flagella • pathogenic- can cause disease • nonliving • genetic material enclosed in protein coat • must infect living • host cell to reproduce • pathogenic- can cause disease • unicellular (most) • multi-cellular (some) • nucleus containing genetic material • live in moist environments • variety of organelles: • 1) vacuoles 2) mitochondria 3) chloroplasts • some have flagella • or cilia • 3 major groups: • 1) plant-like • (algae) • 2) animal-like (protozoa) • 3) fungus-like (decomposers) • pathogenic- can cause disease

17. IMAGES- PROTISTS PARAMECIUM AMOEBA EUGLENA

18. IMAGES- PROTISTS VOLVOX COLONY PLANKTON

19. THE END