Founding a Strong Nation: Lessons on Government Formation

1. Unit 5 The New Nation What causes a society to grow? The New Nation

2. Lessons Lesson 1 Planning a Government Lesson 2 United States Constitution Lesson 3 The Louisiana Purchase Lesson 4 The War of 1812 Lesson 5 The Industrial Revolution

3. Planning a New Government What problems did the government face after the Revolution? Lesson 1 Vocabulary Articles of Confederation legislature

4. Planning a New Government SA 28 The Articles of Confederation were the first plan of government for the U.S.A confederation is a loose alliance of states. They failed because each state was independent. The national government could NOT • print their own money. • collect taxes. • pay soldiers or lawmakers. What was the importance of the Northwest Ordinance? • It said that an area became a territory when its population reached 5,000. • A territory could apply for statehood when the population reached 60,000.

5. Planning a New Government MC 1 Shay’s Rebellion showed the Articles of Confederation had failed. The new government could not protect farmers from losing their lands. It also could not afford to send troops to stop the uprising.

6. Planning a New Government What was the Three-Fifths Compromise and why was it proposed? MC 3 It was an agreement among the delegates that every five enslaved people counted as three free people.

7. Planning a New Government 2 parts of Congress • House of Representatives • Senate The Great Compromise Proposed by Roger Sherman FILL A legislature with a House of Representatives based on a state’s population - Large (heavily populated) states were satisfied. FILL A Senate with two senators from each state – Small (less populated) states were satisfied. FILL THE PRESIDENT CANNOT MAKE A LAW. HE CAN ONLY SUGGEST A LAW. The Capitol in Washington D.C.

8. Planning a New Government James Madison and other delegates came up with the Electoral College. MC 4 In the Electoral College, the number of electoral votes for each state was based on the number of the state’s Congressional representatives. EXAMPLE: Indiana House of Representatives = 9 Indiana Senators = +2 TOTAL = 11 California House of Representatives = 53 California Senators = +2 TOTAL = 55

9. United States Constitution Why is the Constitution a powerful document? Lesson 2 Vocabulary federal system Supreme Court ratify bill of rights amendment

10. United States Constitution We the Peopleof the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. MC 5 The duty of the government is to defend the people.

11. United States Constitution Branch Who Job LEGISLATIVE Congress • makes laws for the country • Decides how to spend the government’s money EXECUTIVE President • Meets with leaders of other countries • Leads military • carries out laws JUDICIAL Supreme Court and federal courts • Makes sure our laws follow the Constitution DO NOT COPY

12. United States Constitution First three articles explain how the U.S. government is organized. Article 1 – establishes a legislature called Congress made up of a Senate and a House of Representatives power to make laws All of this info on what each branch does is found in the Constitution. Article 2 – creates the office of the President leader of the executive branch power to enforce laws Article 3 – establishes a Supreme Court The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. FILL They have the power to decide whether any law works against the Constitution.

13. United States Constitution • FILL We have a federal system. A federal system is an agreement to share powers between state and national governments. • SA 29This system is known as checks and balances. We have this system so one branch does not gain too much power, and each branch can check or stop another branch. This information is found in The Constitution. MC 6 EXAMPLES: • Congress votes to approve a bill, and the President signs it. • The President vetoes a bill, and Congress overrides it. - Congress and the President pass a bill that becomes a law, and the Supreme Court decides if the law is constitutional.

14. United States Constitution At the end of the U.S. Constitution we have a Bill of Rights.The Bill of Rights consist of ten amendments written by James Madison. FILLAn amendment is a change to the U.S. Constitution. MC 7 The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to protect the freedom of citizens. After the addition of the Bill of Rights, all original thirteen states ratified the Constitution. FILLTo ratify means to officially approve something. Our U.S. Constitution has 17 additional amendments.

15. United States Constitution For once, all Americans agreed that the new nation under the new Constitution should be lead by one man: MC 9the Father of the Country, George Washington, the 1st president. MC 8 Alexander Hamilton wrote articles in support of the Constitution.

16. The Louisiana Purchase How did the expansion of the United States affect North America? Lesson 3 Vocabulary pioneer Embargo Act of 1807

17. The Louisiana Purchase SA 30 Daniel Boone and John Findley found a passage through the Appalachian Mountains and widened it so wagons could go through. SA 31 Pioneers are the first people to enter a region. MC 12 The Embargo Act of 1807 closed all American ports and hurt the American economy instead of Great Britain and France.

18. The Louisiana Purchase Effects of theLouisiana Purchase: • It doubled the size of the U.S. for pennies an acre. • Americans gained access to a major port. • The land had abundant natural resources.

19. The Louisiana Purchase Lewis & Clark: • Were sent by President Jefferson to GO WEST find a land route to the Pacific Ocean and see what natural resources were available. • They left St. Louis and headed west. • SA 32 Sacagawea traveled with them as a guide and interpreter.

20. The War of 1812 How did the War of 1812 affect Americans? Lesson 4 Vocabulary War Hawks Era of Good Feelings Adams-Onís Treaty Monroe Doctrine

21. The War of 1812 FILL War Hawks supported the War of 1812, and they wanted to protect American sailors from British impressment. MC 15Tecumseh united several Western groups to protect Native American lands. The British burned Washington D.C. to punish Americans for burning York.

22. The War of 1812 MC 13AFTER THE WAR and because of slow-traveling news, the Americans fought the British in New Orleans and CRUSHED them under the leadership of Andrew Jackson who became a national hero.* SA 33At Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key was inspired to write “The Star-Spangled Banner.” MC 14 In 1814 the Treaty of Ghent was signed ending the war/fighting, BUT neither side won.

23. The War of 1812 FILL After the War of 1812, Americans felt more united. This was known as the Era of Good Feelings. FILLIn the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the United States. MC 16 & FILLThe Monroe Doctrine said Europe and the U.S. should not interfere with each other. The U.S. hoped this would keep them out of European wars.

24. The Industrial Revolution How did the Industrial Revolution change people’s lives? Lesson 5 Vocabulary Industrial Revolution cotton gin interchangeable part reaper steam engine

25. The Industrial Revolution The Northeast was a major manufacturing region in the U.S. in the 1800s.

26. The Industrial Revolution SA 34 interchangeable parts – pieces made in standard sizes meant products could be made faster and at a lower cost • MC 29The Erie Canal is a system of locks to raise and lower the water level. • After it was built, New York City became the largest port in the country.

27. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a time when new machines and new ideas changed the way people worked, traveled, and lived. • The cotton gin was a machine that removed seed from cotton. • This made cotton the most important cash crop in the South. $$$$$$ MC 18 • The “iron horse” was a steam-powered train. • Railroads became the main form of transportation.

28. Review What were some important inventions during the Industrial Revolution? – removed seed from cotton and made cotton the most important cash crop in the South – made the process of cloth making much faster and large textile mills employed many people – pieces made in standard sizes meant products could be made faster and at a lower cost – made farming easier and fewer farmers were needed – produced more power than horses and could pull heavier loads – connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River with a series of locks to raise and lower the water level – railroads became the main form of transportation Cotton Gin Power loom Interchangeable parts Mechanical plow and reaper Steam engine Erie Canal Iron Horse

29. Review What is manifest destiny? Manifest destiny is the belief that the United States had a right to expand its borders and claim new lands. What was the Trail of Tears? The Trail of Tears was the 800-mile westward march of the Cherokee people to the Indian Territory; 4,000 people died along the way.

30. Maps Click on a map to enlarge the view.