ABIGAIL L. MACKEY1, ALAN E. DONNELLY1, ALAN SWANTON1, FIONA MURRAY1, & TAINA TURPEENNIEMI-HUJANEN2

1. The effects of impact and non-impact exercise on circulating markersof collagen remodelling in humans ABIGAIL L. MACKEY1, ALAN E. DONNELLY1, ALAN SWANTON1, FIONA MURRAY1, & TAINA TURPEENNIEMI-HUJANEN2

2. Introduction • The types I, III and IV collagen have been observed of muscle fibre damage. (Koskinen et al., 2001a; Takala, Myllyla¨, Salminen, Anttinen, & Vihko, 1983; Takala et al., 1989) (Han et al., 1999; Koskinen et al., 2001b) (Han et al., 1999) (Koskinen et al., 2001b) • TIMPs regulate MMP activity, both by direct inhibition and activation,and likely change to concentrations. (Wang, Juttermann, & Soloway, 2000; for a review, see Visse & Nagase, 2003) (Kasahara et al., 1997) (Koskinen et al., 2001a) (Ylisirnio¨ , Ho¨ yhtya¨, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen, 2000) (Ishiguro, Ito, Ibata, Fujimoto, & Iwata, 1996) (Manicourt, Fujimoto, Obata, & Thonar, 1994)

3. Introduction • Respectively measured type IV collagen in serum and urine is correlate. (Murawaki, Ikuta, Koda, Yamada, & Kawasaki, 1996) (Hørslev-Petersen et al., 1988) (Torffvit, Agardh,Cederholm, & Wieslander, 1989) • members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)原金屬蛋白-9 • tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)組織抑制金屬蛋白酶（蛋白酶抑製劑）

4. methods • Eight healthy adults (4 males, 4 females) • 22 ± 4years • Volunteered • height 1.70+0.10m • mass 67.4+9.8 kg

5. methods • 50 min deep water running session and 10 km road • Blood samples were also taken on days 1, 2, 3, 6 and 10 after exercise. Serum was collected after centrifugation and stored at -80℃ until analysis.

6. methods • Collagen IV protein used ELISA • Serum concentrations of MMP-9, TIMP-1,TIMP-2 and the MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex were measured using standard sandwich ELISA protocols. (Ylisirnio¨ et al., 2000) • The and TIMP monoclonal antibody • HRP-conjugated secondary polyclonal antibody

13. Discussion • serum creatine kinase activity and exercise-induced muscle damage(Armstrong,1984; Newham,Jones, & Edwards, 1986) • A bout of local eccentric muscle contractions,which results in a delayed response, peaked 7days after exercise (Clarkson & Tremblay, 1988).

14. Discussion • Collagen production as assessed by collagen synthesizing enzymes in rat muscle,although no changes in total muscle collagen content were observed (Karpakka et al., 1990). • Synthesis of type IV collagen in particular has been shown to respond positively to regular treadmill running in rat skeletal muscle (Kovanen, Suominen, Risteli, &Risteli, 1988).

15. Discussion • MMP-2/TIMP-2複合後都沒有改變行使較量，這表明利率的肌肉膠原重塑不會受到運動型態影響。 • 行使適當的強度和持續時間，以正常的訓練為與健康有關的健身可能干擾IV型膠原 合成。