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Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Social Stratification. Chapter Outline. Using the Sociological Imagination Dimensions of Stratification Explanations of Stratification Stratification in American Society. Chapter Outline. Poverty in America Consequences of Stratification Social Mobility Global Stratification.

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Chapter 8

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  1. Chapter 8 Social Stratification

  2. Chapter Outline • Using the Sociological Imagination • Dimensions of Stratification • Explanations of Stratification • Stratification in American Society

  3. Chapter Outline • Poverty in America • Consequences of Stratification • Social Mobility • Global Stratification

  4. Stratification • Social Stratification ranks individuals by wealth, prestige, and power. • A stratification structure is composed of: • Social classes • Segments of a population whose members hold a similar share of resources.

  5. Occupational Prestige • Occupations with the greatest prestige: • Pay the most • Require the greatest amount of training, skill, and ability • Provide the most power • Are considered the most important

  6. Percentage Change in After-Tax Income 1977–1999

  7. Shares of Wealth

  8. Prestige Rankings of Selected Occupations in the U.S.

  9. Prestige Rankings of Selected Occupations in the U.S.

  10. Prestige Rankings of Selected Occupations in the U.S.

  11. Theoretical Perspectives: Social Stratification

  12. Functionalism and Stratification • Stratification: • Motivates people to prepare themselves for difficult and important jobs. • Motivates people to perform well once they are in those jobs.

  13. Social Classes in America • Upper class • Middle class • Working class • Lower class • Underclass

  14. American Class Structure

  15. The Distribution of Poverty in the United States

  16. Measuring Poverty • Absolute poverty • Determined by annual income. • Anything below a determined (absolute) amount is poverty. • Relative poverty • Contrasts income groups at the bottom of the stratification structure with those above them.

  17. Percentage of the U.S. Population in Poverty

  18. Ideology of Individualism • Each individual should work hard to succeed in competition with others. • Those who work hard should be rewarded with success.

  19. Ideology of Individualism • Because of widespread and equal opportunity, those who work hard will be rewarded with success. • Economic failure is an individual’s own fault and reveals lack of effort.

  20. Perceived Reasons for Poverty in the United States

  21. Perceived Reasons for Poverty in the United States

  22. Perceived Reasons for Poverty in the United States

  23. Global Inequality

  24. People Living on Less than $1 a Day

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