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Stem Characteristics for Plant Identification and Protection

Learn about the key characteristics of stems important for plant identification and their role in providing protection. Explore the different types of stems, including woody, grass, herbaceous, and specialized stems like corms, bulbs, tubers, crowns, spurs, rhizomes, and stolons.

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Stem Characteristics for Plant Identification and Protection

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  1. Characteristics of StemsAGR 161: Unit C Found on Internet: unknown Source Edited By: Jennifer Stewart

  2. Objectives • Identify stem characteristics important for plant identification • Recognize stem adaptations that provide protection for plants

  3. Stems • Two main functions • movement of water and minerals from the roots upward • movement of manufactured food down

  4. Stems Also… • support of leaves and reproductive structures • used for food storage and reproduction of plants involving cuttings • Green stems manufacture food just as leaves do

  5. External Stem Structure • lenticels- breathing pores • bud scale scars-indicate where terminal bud has been located previous year.

  6. Leaf Scars • Shows where leaf was attached • Distance between the two represents one year of growth.

  7. What are the types of stems? 1) Woody Stem: trees, shrubs, woody perennials 2) Grass Stem: hollow or filled 3) Herbaceous Stem: like woody but softer (clover, alfalfa) 4) Modified Stem:

  8. Specialized Stems • A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus) • underground • Solid, fleshy, scale covered

  9. Specialized Stems • B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions) • Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other • Underground stem

  10. Specialized Stems • C. Tuber (potato, caladium) • Food storage area • Short, thick underground stem

  11. Specialized Stems • D. Crown (African Violets, fern) • Closely grouped stems or plantlets • Just above ground or just below

  12. Specialized Stems • E. Spurs (pear and apple trees) • Short sems found on woody plant limbs adapted for increased production of fruits

  13. Specialized Stems • F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley) • Underground stems that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above the ground

  14. Specialized Stems • G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant) • Stem that grows horizontally above the soil surface

  15. Review • What are the four types of stems? • What are some example of specialty stems? • What function does the stem serve? • How can stems adapt to provide protection for the plants?

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