Driver Product & Safety Training

1. Driver Product & Safety Training MDI / TDI Bulk Liquid Transportation ISOPA Driver Training Program Revision 2019

2. Driver Training MDI / TDI Company [name] Location [place] Date 01/01/2020 Trainer [name]

3. Background • MDI / TDI can be handled safely and are in widespread use across the world. • This programme helps in the safe transport of these chemicals by ensuringproper training of drivers • The training package is a joint effort of ISOPA and the carriers based on practical experience. • Drivers who successfully complete the driver training are issued with a MDI / TDI Driver Training Card

4. Introduction ISOPA • European • ISOcyanateProducers Association • See website www.isopa.org • Member companies: olyo

5. ISOPA Member Companies

6. Applications • Polyurethanes are used in many products and articles: • Car seats, Steering wheels • Sports shoes • Sofas, Chairs and Mattresses • Fibre board (MDF) • Expansion joints & Gasket seals • Insulation foam (refrigerators, tanks, buildings) • Coatings, Paints • ...and many more

7. Appearance

8. MACMaximum Allowable Concentration • MAC : 5.0 – 10.0 ppb • Odour threshold : 0.2 – 0.4 ppm • Therefore: • When you smell it, it’s above the limit ! • No used PPE in the cabin

9. Main Physical and Chemical Properties (1) • Vapour pressure: Dangers of MDI and TDI are of the same magnitude but… vapour pressure of TDI is much higher (20x), therefore the RISKS of TDI are much bigger • Vapour density = 6× Air density i.e. the vapours are heavier than air!

10. Main Physical and Chemical Properties (2) • Density range 1.20 – 1.29(For TDI filling degree conform ADR  see next slide) • Important temperatures (TDI): • Crystallization starts at ± 15°C (product temp.) • Melting when reheated to ± 45°C (product temp.)

11. Degree of Filling for TDI ADR 4.3.2.2 Degree of filling 4.3.2.2.4 “Where shells are not divided by partitions or surge plates into sections of not more than 7,500 litres capacity, they shall be filled to not less than 80% or not more than 20% of their capacity”. NOT OK ±95% OK TDI / MDI* 80% NOT OK 20% OK *) For MDI there is no legal requirement but most producers follow the same rules as for TDI

12. Main Physical and Chemical Properties (3) • MDI / TDI reacts with water (including air!) • Temperatureand pressure (CO2 release) goes up significantly in transit without external heating • Possible water sources can be: • Tank cleaning operations • Opening manlids • for: sampling, discharge etc. • by: customs, customers, drivers etc. • Non-dried air from customer’s installation • Silica gel filter malfunction

13. Effect of MDI/TDI on your Health • Short term / one-off exposure above safe level • Irritates mouth, throat, lungs • Tight chest, coughing • Difficulty in breathing • Eyes watering • Itching, red skin (immediately or delayed) • May be hot or burn • Symptoms can occur up to 24hrs • after exposure Do not try to hide problems ! Seek medical assistance immediately !

14. Effect of MDI/TDI on your Health Long term/repeated over- exposure from breathing or skin contact leads to risk of sensitisation Symptoms such as occasional breathing difficulties similar to asthma, hay fever, sneezing When sensitised, potentially severe asthma in the case of even low MDI/TDI exposure Sensitisation could prevent working with diisocyanates for life; early and prompt removal from exposure can typically result in cessation of allergic responses Sensitisation is non-reversible and is a reaction of the immune system. Not to be confused with irritation

15. Product Hazards: TDI • Very toxic by inhalation • Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin • Risk of sensitisation by inhalation and skin contact • Warning: • This effect can be delayed for as long as 24 hours after exposure! • Sensitisation means build up of irreversible • allergic reactions

16. Product Hazards: MDI • Harmful by inhalation • Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin • Risk of sensitisation by inhalation and skin contact • Warning: • This effect can be delayed for as long as 24 hours after exposure! • Sensitisation means build up of irreversible • allergic reactions

17. 60 2078 Classification and Placarding

18. PPE – MDIPersonal Protective Equipment As a minimum... • Hard hat • Goggles • Liquid-tight gloves • Safety shoes / boots • Long-sleeved overall • Eyewash bottle • Butyl rubber • Neoprene • Nitrile rubber

19. PPE – TDIPersonal Protective Equipment As a minimum... • Hard hat • Full face mask (with appropriate filter) • Liquid-tight gloves • Safety shoes / boots • Full chemical suit • Eyewash bottle • Butyl rubber • Neoprene • Nitrile rubber

20. Health Effects - Contact Lenses You should not use contact lenseswhen handling isocyanates When eye contamination you will not be able to remove the lenses as they will stick to the eye surface due to reaction between the lenses and the eye and water layer between them.

21. Personal Health (1) • Use an appropriate cartridge / canister (min. AP2) • For normal use, once opened, use max 8 hours within any 48 hours time span • After any spill change the cartridge • Face mask should not be used for Emergency Response

22. Personal Health (2) • Wash hands (& face) before eating, drinking, smoking or going to the toilet • Keep contaminated PPE out of the cabin • A quantity of vapor equal to the size of a one Eurocent coin is enough to increase the concentration in the average cabin well above the MAC value • Imagine working / sleeping in this atmosphere for 8 hours !

23. Product Quality Control • Certificate of Analysis (CoA) • Samples (Not recommended) • CoA is strongly preferred to a sample • Drivers should not take samples ! • Never take a sample in your cab !!!Not even for 1 minute !!! • Temperature(Customer specific)

24. Site Safety Make yourself familiar with the site emergency policy and location of following items: • Signs & Alarms • Wind direction indicator • Emergency stop button • Emergency shower • Assembly point • Waste bin (for used gaskets, gloves, etc.) • Decontamination & Absorption material

25. Spill Handling (by Emergency Services) • Always wear PPE !! • Drivers should observe from a safe distance and remain available to provide information • Emergency services should: • 1. Cover sewer system • 2. Absorb the spill • 3. Wait (15 minutes) • 4. Neutralise • 5. Wait (30–60 minutes after reaction has finished) • 6. Remove spill after reaction has finished. • 7. Put residues in designated chemicals waste bin • 8. Apply decontamination fluid

26. Loading: Key Items • PPE must be worn • Tank equipment • 3-Minutes check before & after loading

27. Prevent Falling from HeightsFall protection (1) • During unloading of TDI / MDI, you will have to work on top of your road tanker or tank container • A US study shows that 1 in 5 driver injuries related to falling from heights and 1 in 1,000 of these injuries results in a fatality • For TDI / MDI, a single collapsible handrail is not considered as adequate fall protection and is considered as hazardous • The best solution is a fixed gantry or cage (top) with 360° guard rails while a mobile platform provides a cheaper and more flexible alternative (bottom)

28. Prevent Falling from HeightsFall protection (2) If a gantry or cage is not available, the use of a fall arrest harness is an acceptable alternative. Ensure that: • You always have your inspected and well maintained harness with you • You inspect it for defects and damage before each use • You are trained on how to wear your harness • The site provides a connection point (preferably sliding or mobile) and a lanyard (preferably with a self-lowering fall arrest line) • The site operator confirms that the site you are visiting has a rescue plan in place that will ensure a fast recovery in order to avoid suspension trauma and is present during operation.

29. Tank Equipment • Manlid must be kept closed! (moisture prevention) • Ensure customs letter (if applicable) is present • Do not mix-up the vapour return and liquid line !!! • Tank depressurised? • Cleaned tanks must be dry ! • Capacity (keep filling degree in mind!)

30. 3-Minutes Check before Loading • Equipment • Tanker exterior clean? • Spillage tray clean? • Tanker correctly labelled and placarded? • All valves closed, blind flanges/caps in place? • Manlid closed and bolts tightened? • Check temperature

31. 3-Minutes Check after Loading Equipment • Disconnected? • Free of spillages including spillage tray? • Safety handrail down? • Valves closed, blind-flanged and new gasket? • Only slight overpressure (max 0.1 bar)? • Temperature setting correct? • Sample (if necessary)? Documentation • Transport document, Customs letter, CoA, Weight ticket, DGD? • Instructions in writing?

32. Transport • Hours / Speed • Check temperature (and pressure) • Reporting unsafe conditions / incidents • Parking

33. Opening of Tanks in Transit by Customs Officials • Tanks should not be opened whilst in transit because of the dangers to human health • ISOPA issued a letter to Customs Officials explaining thereasons why • Letter is available in 14 languages i.e. CZ - DE - EN - ES - FR - HU - IT - LV - PL - RO - RU - SK - TUR - UA • Letter can be downloaded from the ISOPA website http://isopa.org/product-stewardship/logistics/letter-to-customs-officers/

34. Security en Route • What to do & not to do: • Do not leave the vehicle unlocked • Do not disclose information about product carried, customer, route or destination • Park preferably on secure parking areas

35. Heating All methods: • Maximum product contact temperature = 60°C • Do-not-open-the-manlid Steam: • Only external steam coils • Maximum 1.7 bar(= ~ 115 °C)

36. Unloading: Key Points (1) • Follow site regulations • Behavior  You are the supplier’s representative • Know the operational responsibilities betweenoperator and driver as described in the CEFIC / ECTA / FECC Best Practice for safe (un)loading of Road Freight Vehicles Behavior Based Safety Guidelines • Report unsafe conditions at customers (including near misses)

37. Unloading: Key Points (2) • Storage tank capacity • communication driver / operator • PPE must be worn • Observe connections, pressure during unloading • Samples(Report back if you have to take a sample) • Unloading methods(Details on next slides)

38. Discharge Methods (1)Customer liquid pump and vapor return Recommended according to ISOPA Bulk Guidelines (Preferred option is a close system with hoses provided by customer)

39. Discharge Methods (2)Customer nitrogen or dry air Not in line with ISOPA Bulk Guidelines

40. Discharge Methods (3a)Vehicle compressor with silica gel Not in line with ISOPA Bulk Guidelines

41. Discharge Methods (3b)Vehicle compressor without silica gel Improvements highly recommended

42. Spillage Tray Lay-out (example) Liquid line and vapour return line should be properly identified Vapour Liquid Pressure

43. 3-Minutes Check after Discharge (1) Equipment • Disconnected? • Free of spillages including spillage tray? • Safety handrail down? • Valves closed and blind-flanged, manlids closed? • Spillage tray covers closed? • Only slight overpressure (max 0.1 bar)? • Depressurise at the customer if possible, or inform planner Documentation (1) • Handed to the customer? • Transport documentation signed?

44. 3-Minutes Check after Discharge (2) • Documentation (2) • Customer needs: • Copy of transport document signed by driver & customer • Certificate of Analysis • Driver keeps: • Copy of transport document signed by driver & customer • For TDI:Obtain or make transport document reading: • Empty tank container*), last load: UN 2078 Toluene Diisocyanate, 6.1, II (D/E) • *)or: tank vehicle; demountable tank; portable tank

45. Near Misses & Unsafe Conditions Iceberg Theory Incidents Near misses & Unsafe conditions

46. Near misses & unsafe conditions Reporting examples Active near miss reporting will reduce / avoid serious incidents: • Road traffic incidents • Equipment failures • Incorrect human behavior • Overflows • Overpressure • Spills • Unexpected temperature rise (check regularly!) • Unsafe working conditions (missing safety shower, unsafe access to top bulk equipment etc.) • Unsecure routing

47. Incidents • Statistics indicate: • More than 80% of all incidents are related to human behavior • Most incidents and accidents occur during loading & unloading So THIS is your Challenge: You are the most important safety factor (OR you will be the most important risk factor !)

48. Emergency ResponseKnow First Aid for MDI /TDI • Force open the eyelids • Flush with lots of water for at least 15 minutes • If in doubt, keep flushing • See eye specialist as soon as possible • Immediately remove contaminated clothing • Immediately wash, wash, wash with soap & water • Go outside into fresh air • Doctor must be called or patient taken to medical facility • Inform supplier – who can provide supporting information

49. Emergency ProceduresExposure to MDI / TDI • A single high exposure to MDI / TDI is one possible cause of sensitisation • Early treatment is important • Remember that symptoms may occur later • Help is available for the doctor from ISOPA member companies • Speed is essential • Practice First Aid procedures • Seek medical advice

50. And ...... In any case of emergency: call us .... don‘t try to be a hero.....!!