1 / 18

Chordates

Chordates. Chapters 30-34. What have we learned so far…. Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates Vertebrates (Chordates). So what’s next…?. Recall the evolution of living organisms…. Chordates!.

maxine-oneill
Download Presentation

Chordates

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chordates Chapters 30-34

  2. What have we learned so far… • Kingdom Eubacteria • Kingdom Archaebacteria • Kingdom Protista • Kingdom Fungi • Kingdom Plantae • Kingdom Animalia • Invertebrates • Vertebrates (Chordates) So what’s next…?

  3. Recall the evolution of living organisms… Chordates!

  4. What is a chordate? • Members of the phylum Chordata must have the following four characteristics at some point during their life cycle: • A dorsal, hollow nerve cord • A notochord • Pharyngeal pouches • A tail that extends beyond the anus

  5. The Chordate Family Tree

  6. How did chordates evolve? • Adaptive Radiation • Rapid species diversity as they adapt to new conditions • Convergent Evolution • When unrelated species encountered similar environments and evolved similar adaptations • Ex: flying vertebrates  birds (aves) and bats (mammals)

  7. Chordates are diverse! Notice that not all chordates are vertebrates! GASP! How can this be? Whoa… that’s a lot of fish!

  8. Chordate Survival Requirements • Controlling body temperature • Feeding • Respiration • Circulation • Excretion • Response • Movement • Reproduction Let’s take a look at these one by one…

  9. Controlling Body Temperature • Important for homeostasis…especially in habitats where temperature varies widely • Ectothermy (ectothermic) • Body temperature is mainly determined by environment • Most reptiles, fish and amphibians • Requires less fuel • Endothermy (endothermic) • Body temperature is controlled from within • They can generate and retain heat inside their bodies • Birds and mammals • Requires more fuel Are the terms “cold-blooded” and “warm-blooded” accurate?

  10. Feeding • The digestive systems of vertebrates have organs that are well adapted for different feeding habits

  11. Feeding • Different chordates eat in different ways!

  12. Respiration • As a general rule (meaning there are exceptions): • Aquatic chordates use gills for respiration • Land vertebrates use lungs for respiration

  13. Circulation • Maintain homeostasis by transporting materials throughout animals’ bodies • Single-Loop Circulatory System • Found in chordates with gills • Heart  Gills  Body  Heart • Double-Loop Circulatory System • Found in chordates with lungs • 1st loop: Heart  Lungs  Heart • 2nd loop: Heart  Body  Heart

  14. Circulation • Heart Chambers • During chordate evolution, the heart developed chambers and partitions that help separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood traveling in the circulatory system

  15. Excretion • Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body • Nitrogenous wastes come from the break down of proteins • Kidneys filter blood in most vertebrates 15

  16. Response • Nonvertebrate chordates have a simple nervous system • Vertebrates have a complex brain with distinct regions, each with a different function 16

  17. Movement • Skeletal and muscular systems support a vertebrate’s body and make it possible to control movement • In vertebrates, ligaments connect vertebrae and allow it to bend without falling apart 17

  18. Reproduction • Almost all chordates reproduce sexually • Vertebrate evolution moves from external to internal fertilization • After fertilization: • Some eggs develop outside mother’s body (oviparous) • Some eggs develop within the mother’s body and then young are born alive (ovoviviparous) • Some embryos develop within mother’s body and obtain nutrients directly from mother’s body (viviparous) 18

More Related