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Understanding States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas

Explore the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases, their particle motion, temperature effects, and density changes. Learn how heat energy transforms states of matter and tackles misconceptions about particle models.

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Understanding States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas

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  1. States of Matter • Matter exists in one of three main states (although there are exceptions)

  2. Solids • Definite volume • Their volume doesn’t change • Definite shape • They keep their shape

  3. Liquids • Definite volume • Their volume doesn’t change • Indefinite shape • They take the shape of their container • Viscosity: resistance to flow • High viscosity – slow flow (honey) • Low viscosity – easy flow (water)

  4. Gasses • Indefinite volume • They take up all available space • Indefinite shape • They take the shape of their container

  5. Particle Motion • Solids – particles tend to move slowly (vibrate) and keep their shape • Liquids – particles move freely and take the shape of their container • Gasses – particles move excitedly and fill all available space What misconceptions could be created by the model shown here of particles in a solid, liquid, and gas?

  6. Temperature • Transfer of heat energy is required to change the state (or phase) of a substance • Freezing/Melting Point: temperature at which liquid becomes solid (and vice versa) • Boiling/Condensation Point: temperature at which liquid becomes gas (and vice versa) • Density will change as temperature changes • As a substance is heated, particles tend to spread, making it less dense (ice is an exception) • Solids tend to be more dense than liquids; liquids tend to be more dense than gasses.

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