BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR APUSP, ANDHRA PRADESH EXPERIENCE

1. BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR – APUSP, ANDHRA PRADESH EXPERIENCE B. JANARDHAN REDDY, IAS., Project Co-ordinator, APUSP 07.06.2007

2. Urbanisation – a global phenomenon Urbanization is a worldwide phenomenon and India is no exception In western countries industrialization necessitated urbanization In India, urbanization is basically a result of migration arising out of non availability of livelihoods in rural areas India’s low exports and underdeveloped manufacturing sector – only 25% of its economy meant the demand for factory jobs in the cities far outstripped the supply. Many migrants eked out work as street vendors, construction labourers, day labourers, etc.,

3. Urbanisation of Inida % of Urban Population to total population in India: 17.29% in 1951 27.78% in 2001 % of Urban Population to total population in A.P.: 17.42% in 1951 (5.4 Millions) 27.08% in 2001 (20.50 Millions)

5. Water Supply Sanitation Transportation, Pollution Housing Electricity Land use, growth of slums Health, Education, Social security Unemployment Challenges of urbanisation

6. Relevance of APUSP Cities are considered leading engines of India’s economic growth contributing up to 40% GDP. However, crumbling infrastructure, deficient governance, appalling health and social indicators of the poor are chronic problems of urban administration Lack of participatory process in urban management and acute resource constraint are the basic problems The APUSP addressed these basic problems through innovative management tools

7. APUSP : An Overview Rs.747.22 Crore project supported by DFID of Govt. of U.K on 100% grant basis Implementation in Class-1 (1 lakh or more population) Municipal towns Project coverage - 32 initially, now extended to 42 Project period – Sep., 2000 to March, 2008

9. Project Goal and Coverage The project aims to: Stimulate reforms in municipalities; Provide environmental infrastructure based on the demands of the poor; Strengthen the contributions of Civil Societies to poverty alleviation; Sustained reduction in vulnerability and poverty of urban poor. Coverage of 2.88 million poor people in 42 towns

10. ANDHRA PRADESH URBAN SERVICES FOR THE POOR

11. C1 : Municipal Reforms Objective: Initiation of reforms for Municipal Performance Improvement Budget: Rs.121.13 Crores Approach: People participation Revenue improvement Institutional Development Capacity Building Improved Service Delivery

12. C2 : Environmental Infrastructure Objective: Infrastructure improvement in urban slums Budget: Rs.525.34 Crores Approach: Water supply improvements Drainage facilities Sanitation improvements Roads & footpaths Solid Waste Management Street Lighting

13. C3 : Strengthening Civil Society Objective: Strengthening of Civil Society Organisations Budget: Rs.100.75Crores Approach: Vulnerability Strengthening of SHGs Livelihoods Health Education

14. CMAPP Cycle

15. The APUSP approach – Participatory process Involvement of people at every stage of project planning and implementation A programme of the people, for the people and by the people A sense of belongingness in stakeholders Common man, especially poor women have a direct stake in urban planning

16. The APUSP approach – Participatory instruments Introductory Workshops Launch Workshops Strategy Formulation Workshops Micro Planning for prioritisation of infrastructure needs Direct participation of over 1 lakh people

17. The APUSP model – Indirect approach to poverty reduction Creation of an enabling environment for: The poor to seek more appropriate civic services; & The ULBs to deliver basic civic services more efficiently

18. The APUSP way – Integrated development approach Emphasis on linking slums with main towns, rather than developing slums on standalone approach A progress on earlier slum improvement projects in India which worked in individual slums Linkage with main-town ensured through 65:35 ration between on-site and off-site works

19. The APUSP approach – Policy initiatives to benefit truly deserved Notification of eligible non-notified slums to give them equal footing in provision of civic services and benefits from other government initiatives A difficult process revived after 3 decades with objectivity in guidelines Over 500 NNS recommended for notification in 42 towns

20. The APUSP approach – Objectivity in investment decisions Prioritization of slums on poverty and infrastructure deficiency matrix Results: Rationalism in decision making An end to discretion Objectivity in allocation of funds to different wards, obviating the need for political lobbying thereby reducing political frictions Wholehearted support from communities

21. The APUSP approach – functionary capacity building Regular trainings to functionaries at all levels: Nearly 270 structural trainings organised Over 4.30 lakh SHG women trained Training Needs Analysis in all ULBs Exposure visits: Intrastate visits nearing completion Interstate visits being planned

22. The APUSP approach – Process Engineering Change Management concept Simplification and standardisation of procedures Kapra model Citizen service centre – transparent, responsible and timely service delivery Personality Development and motivation trainings to functionaries

23. The APUSP approach – Institutional capacity building Computerisation of services: systems and networking facilities for computerisation of primary data 116 E-seva centers for integrated services Automation: Modernisation of office buildings, Record rooms Municipal Knowledge Cells Improved tools is Engg., Town Planning & Sanitary divisions Internal and external communication systems Comprehensive studies: In key engineering areas for strategic planning for next 30 years.

24. The APUSP approach – Financial stability to ULBs Revenue improvement measures Application of GIS 104 Municipal Accounting years updated 38 years of Audit cleared Revenue Improvement: Rs 311 Cr to Rs.852.78 Cr i.e an increase of 265%

25. The APUSP approach – adoption of emerging technologies Municipal Base maps GIS application for municipal revenue improvements General Town Plan (GTP) for towns

26. Savings in energy consumption through: Optimisation of CMD Avoiding surcharges on low PF Light and Fan (L&F) load segregation Avoiding late payment charges Sun-synchronization of street lighting A saving of Rs.11.79 Crores from November, 2005. Anticipated savings are Rs.13.03 crore.

28. The APUSP approach – Sensitive support mechanisms Provision of Local Technical Assistance: ULBs could hire any professional services from open market for a limit period Provision of new professional services on long term basis: MIPOs/MAFAs/TPRPs/LPAs/DRPs, etc., Filling of existing gaps: Provision of additional COs MHOs, where there are no sanctioned posts D.D. Consultants for Engineering Deptt.

29. The APUSP approach – facelift to poor settlements Massive creation of infrastructure in slums Assets created: Roads - 749.12 K.Ms Drains - 755.46 K.Ms Street lighting - 112.38 K. Ms Water Supply installations - 642.90 K.Ms UGD - 32.52 K.Ms People benefited: 18.93 lakh people in 1487 poor settlements

30. The APUSP approach – Empowerment of Women Organisation of poor women into SHGs 49,366 groups with a membership of 6.30 lakhs 90% of 6.96 BPL Households covered Capacity Building of SHG women 4.30 lakh SHG members trained on SHG concepts Financial inclusion of SHG women 41,468 SHGs (84%) have been linked with Banks Credit flow of Rs.182.00 Crores Percapita availability of credit – Rs.4400/-

31. The APUSP approach –a value difference through micro credit Per capita credit available is Rs.4,400 Interest burden @3% from the money lenders Rs.1512 p.a Interest burden @0.25% from the banks Rs125/p.a Additional income generated per month Rs125 per family.

32. Credit sources of the poor & usage pattern

33. The APUSP approach – Institutional mechanisms to empower women Town Level Bankers Committee Closer interface between SHGs and Bankers SHG women on equal footing with credit provider Federation of SHGs At slum level / town level / district level / state level Family Budget preparation for SHG women To assess the realistic credit needs and affordability of each member To give appropriate credit rating for each group Micro Credit Plan completed for 26,000 SHGs so far

34. The APUSP approach – Placement linked skill trainings Objective selection of candidates Analysis of market trends Partnerships with market leaders Demand driven, not supply driven areas Emphasis on placement support Skill trainings for: Semi educated in ITES, Hospitality, AC Mechanism, BPA, etc., Construction workers in barbending, masonry, heavy machinery operation, plumbing, etc., Adda coolies in skill improvement About 23,500 trained with placement support

35. The APUSP approach – Innovative ways of addressing vulnerability Physical vulnerability Collectivisation of disabled – formation of SHGs Disability assessment & linkages with service providers Surgical corrections, wherever possible Funding for barrier free access to public buildings Social vulnerability Capacity building / trainings Health and Personal Hygiene awareness camps Janasree Arogya Bheema Family Conseling Centres (FCCs) Economic vulnerability Financial inclusion plan / micro credit plan Food Security for SHGs

36. The APUSP approach – Creation of baseline data Comprehensive pictorial survey format for capturing all socio-economic indices Participatory Poverty Assessments Preparation of Social Development Action Plans Objective prioritization of poor settlements become possible

37. The APUSP approach –  Wealth generation/ Rich harvest from little investment Skill trainings – Expenditure incurred by APUSP is around Rs.6.00 Crores, where as benefits accrued to individuals is around Rs.35.00 Crores Food security – A saving of Rs.200 – 300/- per family per month Disabled welfare – 100 surgical corrections worth Rs.12.00 lakhs : 2.4 Crores Community insurance – no capital cost Revenue improvement – Rs.30.00 lakhs : Rs.6.00 Cr. Energy savings – Rs.45.00 lakhs : Rs.9.63 Cr.

38. The APUSP approach – Emphasis on cross-learning’s APUSP Website – www.apusp.org Nagaradeepika – monthly newsletter in Telugu and English versions Workshops – policy orientation with actual involvement of stakeholders – MAPP workshops; Visioning workshops Exposure visits – intra state and inter state Regular, standardised monthly review meetings

39. The APUSP approach – Effective incentive / disincentive system Challenge fund concept Budgetary constraints for each MAPP and MPC for next cycle Incentive to good repayment behaviour – “Pavala vaddi” to SHGs Identification of roll models – honoring them with mementoes

40. The APUSP approach – Convergence with other departments Environmental improvement in schools through SSA Convergence with SERP – MEPMA Community health – convergence with Health Department

41. The APUSP approach – Citizen grievance redressal system District Call Centre for each district “Spandana” boxes in poor settlements

42. The APUSP approach – Improved service delivery Municipal O&Ms linked to Annual Budgets Municipal Management Modules in 11 areas Internal quality control labs Third Party Quality Assurance Third Party audit of “Citizen Charter” implementation as a parameter of MPC

43. The APUSP approach - Sustainability Mission for Elimination of Extreme Poverty in Municipal Areas (MEPMA) Revitalisation of UPA Cells in ULBs Federations of SHGs, Disabled groups, etc., Continuity of: institutions – E-sevas, CRCs initiatives – MATRIX, MAPP, UPADHI, NNS, etc., individuals – COs and other LTA

44. Municipal Action Plans – broad based decisions through Committees and WGs SWOT Analysis leading to problem identification and organisational reforms MATRIX of slums facilitating objective decision making for infrastructure investment PMLP for identification of non-infrastructure/ socio-economic needs of poor leading to SDAP MoU – to get ownership & commitment from ULBs APUSP: What made the difference?

45. Impact of the project….. Pro-poor initiatives of State Govt.: Extension of MAPP process to all ULBs Extension of notification process for non-notified slums in all ULBs Compulsory earmarking of 40% of Municipal Budget for exclusive benefit of slums Adoption of UPADHI programme in all ULBs Extension of water supply distribution network up to the doorsteps of urban poor