Review of the Conditional

1. Review of the Conditional • Forms • To form the conditional, add the conditional endings to an infinitive. Conditional endings are the same as those of the imperfect of -er/-ir verbs: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían. Verbs that are irregular in the future tense have the same irregularity in the conditional. There are three types of irregularities. • some verbs such as caber, haber, poder, querer, and saber drop the e from the infinitive before adding the conditional endings: cabr-, habr-, podr-, querr-, sabr- • a d replaces the e or i of the infinitive in verbs such as poner, salir, tener, valer, and, venir: pondr-, saldr-, tendr-, valdr-, vendr- • the forms for decir and hacer are completely irregular: dir- and har-, respectively • Functions • To express hypothetical actions or situations that correspond to the meaning of would in English • Iría contigo, pero no puedo. I would go with you, but I can’t.

2. Review of the Subjunctive in Adjectival Clauses • Forms • You are already familiar with the forms of the subjunctive. You must use the subjunctive to express a characteristic of a nonexistent or indefinite antecedent. The subjunctive appears in a clause that functions adjectivally, modifying the nonexistent or indefinite antecedent. The antecedent is indicated in bold in these examples. • No hay ningún argumento que There is no argument that willme convenza. convince me. • The verb convencer is in the subjunctive because it describes a nonexistent argument. • No hay nadie que me pueda There is no one who can helpayudar. me. • The verb poder is in the subjunctive because it describes a person who does not exist. • Cualquier cosa que necesiten… Whateveryou (may) need… • The verb necesitar is in the subjunctive because it refers to an indefinite antecedent, cualquier cosa.

3. Review of the Preterite • Forms • The preterite is a simple past tense formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem. • -ar VERBS-er/-ir VERBS • -é -amos -í -imos • -aste asteis -iste -isteis • -ó -aron -ió -ieron • There are many common verbs that are irregular in the preterite. You will practice these in the Manual. • Functions • To narrate or indicate that an event or action took place at a specific moment in the past.

4. Review of the Imperfect • Forms • The imperfect is a simple past tense formed by adding the following endings to the verb stem. • -arVERBS-er/-ir VERBS • -aba -ábamos -ía -íamos • -abas -abais -ías -íais • -aba -aban -ía -ían • There are only three irregular verbs in the imperfect: ir, ser, and ver. You will practice these in the Manual. • Functions • To express repeated or habitual actions or situations in the past Las culturas primitivas practicaban la brujería. • To indicate that one action was ongoing when another interrupted it (signaled by the preterite) • Lavaba los platos cuando mi madre me llamó.