1 / 23

Gas Exchange

Gas Exchange. By: Cody Clanin Sam Arthurs. The Respiratory System. Respiratory system glossary.

mauli
Download Presentation

Gas Exchange

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Gas Exchange By: Cody Clanin Sam Arthurs

  2. The Respiratory System

  3. Respiratory system glossary Bronchi: The two main air passages into the lungs.Diaphragm: The main muscle used for breathing; separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.Epiglottis: A flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea (or windpipe).Esophagus: The tube through which food passes from the mouth down into the stomach.Heart: The muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

  4. Respiratory system glossary Intercostal muscles: Thin sheets of muscle between each rib that expand (when air is inhaled) and contract (when air is exhaled).Larynx: Voice box.Lungs: The two organs that extract oxygen from inhaled air and expel carbon dioxide in exhaled air.Muscles attached to the diaphragm: These muscles help move the diaphragm up and down for breathing.

  5. Respiratory system glossary Nasal cavity: Interior area of the nose; lined with a sticky mucous membrane and contains tiny, surface hairs called cilia.Nose hairs: Located at the entrance of the nose, these hairs trap large particles that are inhaled.Paranasal sinuses: Air spaces within the skull.Pharynx: The throat.

  6. Respiratory system glossary Pleural membrane: Covering the lung and lining the chest cavity, this membrane has 2 thin layers.Pulmonary vessels: Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart and lungs; pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood back to the heart.Respiratory center: Area of the brain that controls breathing.Ribs: Bones attached to the spine and central portion of the breastbone, which support the chest wall and protect the heart, lungs, and other organs in the chest.Trachea: Tube through which air passes from the nose to the lungs (also known as the windpipe).

  7. Evolution of Respiration Protists: diffusion through skin Cnidarians: diffusion through skin Annelids, Nematodes, Flatworms: diffusion through skin

  8. Evolution of Respiration Mollusks: breathe through gills Echinoderms: water vascular system Arthropods: (sea dwellers) gills, (land)-trachea

  9. Evolution of Respiration Vertebrates: lungs or gills

  10. Respiratory Surface Area • Three things needed: • a big respiratory surface area (such as gills or lungs) • a way for ventilating the respiratory surface area • a circulatory system to move the gas throughout the rest of the body

  11. Respiratory Surface Area • Simplest respiration surface is the skin • amphibians get almost all of their gas exchange through their skin • nearly all animals gain some gas exchange  through diffusing through the skin

  12. Percent of Respiration Through Skin

  13. Respiratory Surface Area • Very small animals can do the necessary gas exchange using diffusion through their skin.

  14. Respiratory Surface Area • Bigger animals need to diffuse gases through their skin and use internal tissues such as lungs or gills.

  15. Gills! • Are split into thin layers of tissue • H2O enters through mouth, exits through layers of gills • O2 from water diffuses into capillaries • Blood flows opposite of the water flow

  16. Paired Lungs! • Evolved from tiny pouches in the gut • Aquatic tetrads were essential in the transition from gills to lungs • Capillaries lace around lungs and circulates oxygen throughout body

  17. Paired Lungs! • Carbon dioxide removal is necessary for maintaining a proper pH level in the bloodstream

  18. Gas Exchange and Breathing Videos • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000059.htm • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm

  19. Controls of… • Neurons of the Medullary center set the pace for inhalation • Control centers maintain the partial pressure of O2 and CO2 • Chemoreceptors detect shifts in pH and signal the Medullary centers for regulation Respiration!

  20. WHY?...So we can live! • So that too much oxygen or carbon dioxide buildup does not occur in the bloodstream

  21. Genetic Disorders and Diseases Asthma-severe allergic reaction that cause the bronchioles to contract. Treated with inhalers, breathing machines, anti-inflammatory drugs. Bronchitis – alveoli swell and clog with mucous and bronchioles swell. Treated with antibiotics, breathing machines, OTC cough suppressants. Emphysema – lungs lose elasticity, alveoli are damaged, can not be cured.

  22. Genetic Disorders and Diseases Pneumonia – alveoli filled with fluid. Treated with antibiotics. Lung cancer – tumors in the lungs interrupt breathing. Treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation. COPD- aka emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is a very serious disease, and the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Treated with medication, rehabilitation, and sometimes surgery.

  23. Bibliography • "Breathing - Anatomy Video: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health. Web. 12 Apr. 2011. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm>. • "Gas Exchange - Anatomy Video: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health. Web. 12 Apr. 2011. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000059.htm>. • Lungs. Web. <http://www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/copd/>. • "Respiration." Web. <http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/martini10/chapter24/custom2/deluxe-content.html>. • "Respiratory System." American Medical Association - Physicians, Medical Students & Patients (AMA). Web. 12 Apr. 2011. <http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/patient-education-materials/atlas-of-human-body/respiratory-system-structure.page>. • "Respiratory System Function." National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Web. 12 Apr. 2011. <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hlw/hlw_respsys.html>.

More Related