1 / 13

Mendel's Laws - Understanding the Science of Heredity

Learn about the fundamental principles of heredity discovered by Johann Gregor Mendel, the father of modern genetics, and how genes determine the characteristics of organisms. This educational material provides an overview of Mendel's experiments, his laws, and the genetic concepts of genotype, phenotype, and allele.

mattwilliams
Download Presentation

Mendel's Laws - Understanding the Science of Heredity

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. MENDEL´SLAWS Výukový materiál GE 02 - 40 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR TERCIE 2014

  2. founder of the science of heredity: • Johann Gregor Mendel • a Moravian priest • he published results of his experiments with pea crossing in 1865 in Brno • the result of Mendel´s experiment: • some „elements" are responsible for a particular property, the character of the organism (eg. flower colour) MENDEL´SLAWS

  3. in 1865 he talked about their attempts to „Experiments on Plant Hybridization“ in Brno • lecture remained misunderstood and did not raise a larger response • result of his research was recognized only 40 years later MENDEL´SLAWS

  4. elements are transmitted through sexual cells • he called these elements endowments • nowadays they are called genes • at the birth of every individual combine the talents of male and female origin are combined • all together determine the shape of a feature • through the combination of genetic information of two individuals arises original set of information for the growth of a new individual MENDEL´SLAWS

  5. gene = endowment: • information about the formation of certain features of organisms • allele: • particular shape of a gene • gene may have 1,2 or more alleles MENDEL´SLAWS

  6. genotype: • set of all alleles in a cell • genome: • set of all genes of a particular organism • phenotype: • is the external manifestation of the genotype • set of all features of the organism • form a specific shape of features (flower colour, stature) GENES

  7. 1st MENDEL´SLAW of uniformity F1 generation crossing of a dominant and a recessive homozygot parents P: AA x aa gametes: A A a a posterity F1: Aa Aa Aa Aa

  8. MENDEL´SLAWS crossing of identical homozygotes parents P: A A x A A gametes: A A A A posterity F1: AA AA AA AA

  9. 2ndMENDEL´SLAW of heterogeneity F2 generation crossing two heterozygotes parents P: Aa x Aa gametes: A a A a posterity F1: AA Aa Aa aa phenotypic splitting ratio 3 : 1 genotypic splitting ratio AA : Aa : aa 1 : 2 : 1

  10. MENDEL´SLAWS crossing a homozygote and a heterozygote parents P: Aa x aa gametes: A a a a aa aa posterity F1: Aa Aa aa aa posterity is splitting in the relation 1 : 1. so called backcrossing is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant form of character

  11. to simplify the notation can be used so called combination squares MENDEL´SLAWS possible genotypes

  12. indicate the possible genotypes :1) crossing of two different homozygotes 2) crossing of two identical homozygotes 3) crossing of two heterozygotes WORKSHEET

  13. HANČOVÁ, Hana. Biologie v kostce 1: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie. Genetika. 2. vyd. Havlíčkův Brod: Fragment, 1999, 112 s. ISBN 80-720-0340-2. • DOBRORUKA, Luděk J. Přírodopis: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie. Genetika. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2000, 159 s. ISBN 80-718-3167-0. SOURCES

More Related