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CHAPTER 27 LESSON 1 NOTES – THE FUNDAMENTAL OR MAIN CAUSES FOR THE GREAT WAR

CHAPTER 27 LESSON 1 NOTES – THE FUNDAMENTAL OR MAIN CAUSES FOR THE GREAT WAR (FROM JULY 28, 1914 TO NOVEMBER 11, 1918 ). a. to glorify or romanticize the idea of war; b. the desire to demonstrate one’s own armed strength; c. to prove the theory of Charles Darwin : “survival of the

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CHAPTER 27 LESSON 1 NOTES – THE FUNDAMENTAL OR MAIN CAUSES FOR THE GREAT WAR

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  1. CHAPTER 27 LESSON 1 NOTES – THE FUNDAMENTAL OR MAIN CAUSES FOR THE GREAT WAR (FROM JULY 28, 1914 TO NOVEMBER 11, 1918)

  2. a. to glorify or romanticize the idea of war; • b. the desire to demonstrate one’s own armedstrength; • c. to prove the theory of Charles Darwin: “survival of the • fittest” • d. armament plants (factories) are • built at • record speed I. Militarism e. military and naval competition in an industrializedarms race

  3. Alliances • any combination of countries joining together, even if temporarily, for a • commoncause: • Examples: • the TripleAlliance formed by Germany’s chancellor • Bismarck along with • Austria-Hungary, and • Italy with the common goal of isolating • France; later Germany and the • DualMonarchy will be joined by the • OttomanEmpire and • Bulgaria to form WWI’s warring side known as the • CentralPowers

  4. b. to counter the Triple Alliance and to better balance Europe’s power, Britain, France, and Russia formed the TripleEntente; this alliance / friendly agreement became the basis for the other warring side known as the AlliedPowers.

  5. II. Alliances

  6. The practice by which a stronger country dominates a • weaker nation forcing it to become its colony to provide the dominant country with • rawmaterials and markets • the vast trading empire of • Britain from • Africa to • India to • S.E. Asia; • c. rapid industrialization by • Germany threatens British interests III. Imperialism

  7. Cecil Rhodes – supporter of British imperialism in Africa; but Britain had the least to gain in fighting a world war

  8. IV. Nationalism Bismarck leads the “two lads” (Alsace & Lorraine) into the German Empire 1871

  9. to exhibit loyalty and devotion to one’s own • homeland, customs, and culture; • b. Serbia’s desire to lead the • Slavs on the Balkan Peninsula but it is already under the control of the • Hapsburg Empire; • c. the policy practiced by Russia called • Pan-Slavism that would support Serbia, if threatened; • d. France is determined to recover its people & coal / iron in the region called • Alsace-Lorraine still controlled by Germany since the • Franco-Prussian War in 1870

  10. “Ruthlessness means German unity”

  11. IMMEDIATE CAUSE FOR THE GREAT WAR OF 1914 • 1908 – Austria-Hungary annexes the • Balkan provinces, • Bosnia and Herzegovina, angering the • Slavs in Serbia;

  12. the Balkan Peninsula becomes the “powderkegof Europe”

  13. The “spark that lights the powder keg” - heir to Austrian throne, archduke Francis Ferdinand, visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, on a goodwill tour on June 28, 1914, is assassinated by GavriloPrincip, a BlackHand terrorist member from Serbia

  14. Black hand member, Gavrilo Princip, upon his arrest Hapsburg heir Francis Ferdinand and wife Sophie on good will tour in Sarajevo, Bosnia moments before their assassination G. P.

  15. Austria issues a 48-hour [(final set of demands)] • ultimatum to Serbia • Serbia refuses to meet some terms of ultimatum • The 1st declaration of war: • on July28, 1914: encouraged by • Triple Alliance ally, Kaiser • Wilhelm II [“Kaiser Bill”] of Germany, to punish the Slavs of Serbia, Austria declares war on • Serbiato begin theGreatWar

  16. Cousins Czar Nicholas II, King George V, & Kaiser Wilhelm II

  17. CHAIN OF EVENTS IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE 1ST DECLARATION OF WAR • Russia’s czar, Nicholas II, • in support of Serbian Slavs, (prepares soldiers for war) • mobilizes his troops along the Austrian-German border • Germany declares war on Russia • Triple Entente member, Russia asks its ally, • France, for support so… • Germany declares war on • France; France declares war on • Germany

  18. Germany’s SchlieffenPlan >

  19. to attack Paris with lightning speed to avoid • fighting a two-front war • (France on the west / • Russia on the east) > quickest attack is through • neutral Belgium to reach Paris; • Belgium forbids Germany to cross its border > • Germany crosses border anyway > • Belgium declares war on Germany • Britain, to protect its proximity to • Belgium, declares war on Germany

  20. Triple Entente Triple Alliance

  21. WW I’S WARRING SIDES: • from the TRIPLE • Alliance comes the • CentralPowers= • Germany and • Austria-Hungary; a few months later, the • Ottoman Empireand • Bulgaria join the Central Powers

  22. from the TRIPLE • Ententecomes the • AlliedPowers= • Britain, • France, • Russia; joined by • Italy(hoping to gain Austrian lands after • the Great War is over, the Italians choose to fight • with the Allies instead of the Central Powers, • betraying their commitment to the Triple • Alliance); • others to join the Allies: • Serbia; • Belgium; • Japan; and the • UnitedStates but not until 1917

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