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Managing Minor Ailments: Principles and Strategies

Learn about the principles of managing minor ailments, classification of ailments, standing orders, and the role of Community Health Nurses in providing primary care. Explore treatment strategies and emergency response for various minor health issues with a focus on safe and effective care.

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Managing Minor Ailments: Principles and Strategies

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  1. Minorailments SHYCIL

  2. Learning objectives • At the end of the class students will be able to : • State the meaning of minor ailments • discuss the principlesOfManagingMinorAilments • list the classificationOfMinorAilments • Explain the managementOfMinorAilments • define standingorders, Objectives And Uses • Enumerate the TypesOfStandingOrders • Explain the StandingOrdersForTreatmentOfMinorAilments and RoleofCHN

  3. INTRODUCTION • Communityhealthnurseisresponsibletoprovideprimaryhealthcareinthecommunity • Treatmentofminorailmentsandemergenciesisanimportantcomponentofcommunityhealthnursing

  4. Conti… • Nurseshouldbeabletoidentifythesignsandsymptomsofapatientandtreatthemaccordingtothestandingorders • Minorailmentsindicateslightillnessesand • emergenciesofsmallernature.

  5. PRINCIPLESOFMANAGINGMINORAILMENTS ENSURESAFEANDHEALTHFULENVIRONMENTTOTHEPATIENT TREATTHERISK/INJUREDPERSONPROMPTLYTOPREVENTANYPOSSIBLECOMPLICATION INCASEOFINFECTIOUSDISEASE,TAKEAPPROPRIATEPRECAUTIONSTOPREVENTTHESPREADOFINFECTION KEEPCONTINOUSWATCHOVERTHEPATIENTSANDVITALSIGNSDURINGTHEPERIODOFCARE HELPTHEPATIENTTOGETWELLSOONASPOSSIBLEANDINHISADL

  6. USETHEOPPORTUNITIESOFHEALTH EDUCATIONDURINGTHECARE ALWAYSREMEMBERTHELIMITATIONSINPROVIDINGTHETREATMENTORFOLLOWTHEPHYSICIANSINSTRUCTIONS HELPTHEFAMILYMEMEBERSINCOPINGWITHTHESITUATIONANDPREPARETHEMFORTAKINGCAREOFPATIENTSATHOME RESPECTTHEBELIEFSOFPATIENT INCASEOFSERIOUSCONDITIONSREFERTHEPATIENTWITHOUTANYDELAY

  7. CLASSIFICATIONOFMINORAILMENTS • Minorailmentscanbeclassifiedintotwo • 1.GENERALMINORAILMENTS:-itincludecommonaccidentsandemergencieswhichneedimmediatefirstaid • Inthiscategory– injuriesandfalls,dogbite,burns • ,highfever,heatstroke,diarrhea,faintingetc

  8. Systemicminorailments • EYE • EYEACCIDENTS • FOREIGNBODIES • INFECTIONS • POOREYESIGHT • DRYEYES • NIGHTBLINDNESS • EARACHGE • FOREIGNBODY • OTTITSMEDIA • DISCHARGE • DEAFNESS • EAR

  9. RESPIRATORYTRACT • ALLERGICRHINITIS • COMMONCOLD • SINUSITIS • SORETHROAT • COUGH • DYSPONEA • CHESTPAIN • ASTHMA • HYPERTENSION • ANEMIA • RHD • CVS

  10. DIGESTIVESYSTEM • TOOTHACHE • STOMATITIS • SORENESSINMOUTH • CONSTIPATION • DIARRHOEA • INDIGESTION • VOMITING • ABDOMINALPAIN • INTESTINALOBSTRUCTION • HAEMORRHOIDS

  11. URINARYSYSTEM • BURNINGMICTURATION • RETENTIONOFURINE • URINARYINFECTION • RENALSTONES • HEADACHE • BACKACHE • CONVULSIONS • EPILEPTICFITS • DYSMENORRHOEA • HEAVYBLEEDING • SORESANDDISCHARGES • BREASTLUMP • NEUROMUSCULARSYSTEM • REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM

  12. MANAGEMENTOFMINORAILMENTS • ASSESSMENT– Takinghistory • -Performingquickphysicalexamination • FINDINGTHECAUSE,MAKINGTHEDIAGNOSISANDPLANNINGFORCARE • PROVIDINGTREATMENTANDNURSINGCARE • EVALUATINGTHECAREANDCONDITIONOFTHEPATIENT– Iftheoutcomeissuccessful,planforfollowup • -Ifconditiondoesnotimproveorserioussigns– refer • tohospital

  13. Stimulation activities

  14. STANDINGORDERS • Standingordersaredirectionsandordersofspecificnature.Onthebasicsoftheseonthenonavailabilityofdoctorsnurses/healthworkerscanprovidetreatmentathomehospitalsorhealthinstitutionsandcommunity • Shouldbefollowedintemporarybasics/orinemergencysituation

  15. OBJECTIVES • Tomaintainthecontinuityoftreatmentofthepatient • Toprotectthelifeofthepatient/toresuscitatehim • Tocreatethefeelingofresponsibilityinthemembersofhealthteam

  16. USES • Providingtreatmentduringemergency • Enhancingthequalityandactivityofthehealthservices • Strengtheningofprimaryhealthservicesinthecommunity • Decentralizationofhealthresponsibilities • Developingthefeelingofconfidenceand • responsibilityinnursingandotherhealthworker • Protectingthegeneralpublicfromquacks

  17. TYPESOFSTANDINGDORDERS • Theauthorizeddoctorandtheregisteredcommunityhealthnursejointlyreleasesstandingorders • Institutional General Specific

  18. INSTITUTIONALSTANDINGORDERS • Standingorderpreparedwithaviewoftheavailableresources,staffpositionandobjectivityofhospital • Differencewillbethereb/wgovernmentandprivatehospitals

  19. SPECIFICSTANDINGORDERS • Preparedforthetrainedmedicalpersonnel • Technicalknowledgeandspecialskillsarerequired • Theseordersshouldcompensatetheneedofadoctor • SuchordersenhancethequalityofCHN

  20. Generalstandingorders • CommonmanisexpectedtofollowsomeSO • Eg–incaseofdiarrhoea–ORSPACKET

  21. STANDINGORDERSFORTREATMENTOFMINORAILMENTS– FEVER • Examinethevitalsigns • Gatherinformationaboutothersymptomsaccompanyingthefever– headache,nausea,vomiting,shiveringcoldrunningnose,allergy,skininfection,jaundice,fits,cough • Providerestandlightmealtothepatient

  22. Conti…. • Preparebloodslidetoexaminemalariaparasite • Giveparacetamoltab • Givelotsofliquidstothepatient • Ifthefeverismorethan102degF– tepidsponge

  23. Contd…. • Monitorthepatternoffeverandwaitfortwodays • Ifthefeverisaccompanyingwithrashes-isolatethepatient • Incaseofdelirium,convulsions,unconsciousnessandhyperpyrexiaaccompanyingthefeverreferthepatienttothehospital

  24. HEATSTROKE • Personsufferingshouldbekeptinshadeandinawellventilatedplace • Notethevitals • Removeallclothesfromthepersonandwrapinawetsheet • Ifthepatientisconsciousgivehimcoldwatermixedsaltandothercolddrinks • Keepcontinuousobservationovertemp • Assoonasrefertohospital

  25. DIARRHOEA– GISYSTEM • Monitorthesymptomsofdehydration • Ifthedehydrationissevereorthepatientisinthe • stateofshock– referhimtohospital • ProvideORStothepatient • Ricewater,coconutwater,lemonjuice,lighttea,bananashouldbegiventothepatient • Ifthereisepidemicofdiarrheasampleshouldbesendforstooltest • Ifcholeraisprevalentimmunizationshouldbetaken

  26. Contd…. • Foodandwatershouldbeprotected • Notificationshouldbedone • Peopleshouldbeeducatedaboutthecontrolofflies

  27. BURNS-SKIN • Trytokeeptheburnedbodypartimmersedinwater • Checkthespreadofburns • Iftheclothhasstucktowound– DONOTTRYTOREMOVEIT • Rings,bangles,shoes,beltsandothertightfittingarticlestoberemoved • Donottouchblistersunnecessarily • Assessthepercentageofburns • Giveprimarytreatmentofshockifneeded

  28. Contd…. • GiveORSifpatientisconsciousandnotvomiting • Provideanalgesicsifrequired • Referpatienttofurthertreatment

  29. DROWNING-RS • Loosentheclothesfromchest • Makethepersonlieonhisabdomenandgetthewateroutoflungs • Resuscitatethepatientimmediatelyandsendhimtothehealthcarecentre/hospital

  30. BITES-DOGBITE • Thoroughlywashthewoundwithsoapandwater • Userunningwater • ApplyBetadineortinctureiodine • Ifthewoundisexcessive–checkhemorrhage • Stitchesshouldbedoneonlyafter24hours • GiveinjectionTT • Donotkillthedogandobservefor10days • SendthepatientforARVtherapy

  31. SNAKEBITE • Makethepersonliedown • Donnotallowtomove • Findoutthekindofsnake • Tietourniquetabovethebiteandcontinuetolooseniteveryhalfanhour • Makeacutof1cmlengthand½cmdeepattheplaceofbiteandtrytoabsorbpoisonfromthesite(thereshouldnotbeanywoundinthemouthofthepersonsucking)

  32. CONTD… • Cleantheplacewithsaltsolution/waterorice • Consolethepersonandsendtohospital

  33. SCORPIONBITE • Removethestingandputiceonit,afterthoroughlycleaningtheplace • Applytourniquetabovetheplaceofbiteandremoveitafterhalfandhour • Giveanalgesictabletsandalsothesweetenedmilkto • drink • Ifpatientisinshock– sendtohospital

  34. FAINTING-CNS • Liedowntheperson.hisheadshouldbeataslightlowerlevelthanfeet • Ifthepersonissitting,keeptheheadbendedb/w • boththelegs • Personshouldgetfreshair • Oncethepersongainconsciousnessaskhimtotake • deepbreathandgivehimliquidstodrink • Ifunconsciousnesscontinuerefertohospital

  35. INJURIESANDFRACTURES–SKELTAL • Cleanthewoundwithsoapandwater • Applythespiritaroundtheplaceofwound • ApplyBetadinesolutionandbandagethewoundwithsterilesolution • Monitortheconditionofthepatient • Treatthepatientforshock • Immobilizethefracturedarea • GiveanalgesicandTT

  36. WOUND-SKIN • Washthewoundwithcleanboiledwaterandantisepticsolution • Applyspiritaroundthewound • Removetheforeignbodiespresentinthewound • BandagethewoundusingBetadine • GiveinjectionTT • Incasethewoundislargeandneedsuture,or • causedbybulletorweaponrefertohospital

  37. StandingordersforMCHCARE • Givetabletstocheckvomitingandnauseainearlystagesofpregnancy • Incaseoftoxemiaofpregnancy,adviceherrestrictedsaltdietandcompleterest • Sendtohospitalifthereisedema/APH/ • PPH • Ifthemotherdevelopfeverafterdeliverytrytoascertainthecause • Keepnewborninproperwarmth • Initiatebreastfeeding

  38. Convulsionsinchildren • Liedownthechildsafelyonabed • Loosentheclothesfromthechestandletthefreshaircome • Cleanthesecretionsfromhismouthandlettherespiratorytractfunctionproperly • Incaseoffevergivecoldsponge • Evaluatethecause

  39. HEMORRHAGE • Liedownthepersononback • TakeBP • Pressapadonthesiteofbleeding • Givehimliquids • Trytofindoutthecauseof • bleeding

  40. Conti… • Monitorthestateofshockandincaseofbleedingorconditionofshockgettingoutofcontrolsendthepatientforfurthertreatment

  41. Unconsciousness • Liedownthepersoninawellventilatedarea • Removedentures • Cleanthesecretionsfrommouth • Loosentheclothesfromneck,chestandwaist • Provideartificialrespirationin • caseofblockedbreathing • Trytofindoutthereason

  42. SORETHROAT-RS • Recordvitals • Inspectforwhitepatches–ifyesitss/sofdiphtheria • –needhospitalization • Takethroatswab • Ifpharyngities–salinegargle • Giveaspirintablets • Advicehoneysyrupwithlemonjuiceandhotwater • Ifhistoryofrecurrentillnessneedsurgery

  43. Cough-RS • Findouttheduration,type,colorandconsistencyofsputum,weightlossetc • IfTBissuspectedrefertohospitalforinvestigation • Adviserest • Giveaspirintablets • Givesteaminhalations

  44. INFLAMMEDEYES/EYEDISCHARGE • Batheeyeswithwaterandcleanwithcottonswab • Applysulphacetamideeyedrops • Demonstratecleaningand • applicationofeyeointment

  45. Conti… • Coverwithsterileeyepadandbandage • Referifvisiondiminishes • Infectionthatisnot • respondingtotreatmentor • Wounds/injuries

  46. EARACHEANDDISCHARGE • Cleantheears • Applysulphacetamideeardrops • Giveanalgesics,ifnotcomingdownrefer • Ifdischargeispresentcleanwithboricacidandapplyeardrops • Ifs/snotsubsidingrefer

  47. TOOTHACHE-GI • Iftoothachewithoutfevergivepotassiumpermanganatesolutionmouthwashtds • Ifwithfeveraspirin5gmsforchildrenand10gmsforadults

  48. Conti… • Advisedentalcare • Encourgetoeatamala,orange,lemon,guava,,sproutedgram,tomatoes,raggiandbajra • Askpatienttochewaclove • withaffectedteeth

  49. CONSTIPATION–GI • Advisemorefluids.Leafyvegetables • Discouragelaxativesandpurgatives

  50. ANEMIA–BLOODDISORDER • Encouragetoeatragi,GLV • Advisedryfruits • Adviseoralironsupplements • Getthestoolexaminedforhookworms

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