The Muscular System

1. The Muscular System

2. Types of Ordinary Body Movements • Flexion • Extension • Rotation • Abduction • Adduction • Circumduction

3. Body Movements Figure 6.13a–c

4. Body Movements Figure 6.13d

5. Special Movements • Dorsiflexion • Plantar flexion • Inversion • Eversion • Supination • Pronation

6. Using the list below, match the movement with the term that best describes the action. ________A. Extension ________C. Flexion ________B. Rotation ________D. Abduction • Starting with your head on your chest, raise your head to look straight ahead. • Cross your arms in front of your chest. • Sitting with your arms at your side and shoulders facing the table, reach for your textbook on the table. • Placing your arm out straight, alternate the “thumbs up, thumbs down” position.

7. Types of Muscles • Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement • Antagonist – muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover • Synergist – muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation • Fixator – stabilizes the origin of a prime mover

8. Naming of Skeletal Muscles • Direction of muscle fibers • Example: rectus (straight) • Relative size of the muscle • Example: maximus (largest)

9. Naming of Skeletal Muscles • Location of the muscle • Example: many muscles are named for bones (e.g., temporalis) • Number of origins • Example: triceps (three heads)

10. Naming of Skeletal Muscles • Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion • Example: sterno (on the sternum) • Shape of the muscle • Example: deltoid (triangular) • Action of the muscle • Example: flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)

11. Head and Neck Muscles Figure 6.15

12. Trunk Muscles Figure 6.16

13. Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles Figure 6.17

14. Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh Figure 6.19c

15. Muscles of the Lower Leg Figure 6.20

16. Superficial Muscles: Anterior Figure 6.21

17. Superficial Muscles: Posterior Figure 6.22