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Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry Vocabulary Words

Learn about the complex molecules made by organisms containing carbon as their "backbone", such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Explore the diversity of carbon compounds and their importance in living organisms.

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Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry Vocabulary Words

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  1. Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry Vocabulary Words Mrs. Lee

  2. Organic Compounds • They are complex molecules made by organisms containing carbon as their “backbone” & usually hydrogen. • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic acids • The ability of carbon to bond to other elements, & to allow different arrangements of atoms contributes to the diversity of carbon compounds. • Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus & sulfur (CHNOPS) make up about 99% of the mass of all living organisms

  3. Organic Compounds (continued)

  4. Hydrocarbons • They are molecules composed of hydrogen & carbon. • They are important because they are the backbones of other organic compounds

  5. Hydrocarbons (continued)

  6. Amino Acids • They are the building blocks of proteins. • There are 20 different amino acids but they all have the same basic “backbone” structure.

  7. Amino Acids: (continued)

  8. Proteins • They are long chains of amino acid units that are the main molecules from which living things are constructed • They have many functions in the body: • Structural components • Transport aids • Enzymes • Cell signals • Etc.

  9. Proteins (continued)

  10. Proteins (continued)

  11. Lipids • They are organic molecules used to form cellular & organelle membranes, the sheaths surrounding nerve fibers, & certain hormones • They include fats, a long-term energy source • They are insoluable in water (repel water) • Examples: oils, butter, lard, etc. • They are not as easily metabolized as carbohydrates, yet they are a more effective means of storage. Example: 1 gram of fat provides 2 times the energy of 1 gram of carbohydrate

  12. Lipids (continued)

  13. Carbohydrates • The primary energy source for living things • Composed of: carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen • Serve as energy sources & provide structural support, as in the cell wall of plants • Member of a large class of chemical compounds that includes sugars, starches, cellulose & related compounds • They are produced naturally by green plants from carbon dioxide & water • As essential nutrients, they are the human body’s main source of both quick & sustained energy

  14. Carbohydrates: i.e. -- Glucose

  15. Starch • It plays a vital role in the biochemistry of both plants & animals • It is made in green plants by photosynthesis & is one of the main forms in which plants store food • Animals obtain starch from plants & store it as glycogen • Both plants & animals convert starch to glucose when energy is needed

  16. Starch (continued): i.e. --Amylose

  17. Nucleic Acids • They are large molecules comprised of nucleotides that carry the genetic code • They are found in the nucleus of the cell • Specifically they are: • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • RNA (ribonucleic acid)

  18. Nucleic Acids (continued): DNA

  19. Nucleic Acids (continued): RNA

  20. Nucleotide • The unit that makes up nucleic acid • Contains a nitrogen base, a phosphate group & a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule • The 4 possible nucleotide bases for DNA are: • Adenine • Guanine • Cytosine • Thymine • The 4 possible nucleotide bases for RNA are: • Adenine • Guanine • Cytosine • Uracil

  21. Nucleotide (continued)

  22. Chemical Formula • A combination of chemical symbols & numbers to represent a substance

  23. Chemical Formula (continued)

  24. Structural Formula • A formula that indicates the location of the atoms, groups, or ions relative to one another in a molecule & that indicates the number & location of chemical bonds

  25. Structural Formula (continued)

  26. The End

  27. Bibliography • http://www.jp3d.net/school/drawings/Organic_Compounds.gif • http://www.icknield.beds.sch.uk/hydrocarbons.htm • http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/biology/molecules_small.html • http://www.thesolutionsite.com/lesson/20054 • http://www.lampstras.k12.pa.us/hschool/teachers/pitts/bio/un7/oldun3 • http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~cleslie/cs4761/lectures-spr03.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate • http://www.umanitoba.ca/Biology/lab2/biolab2_2.html • http://www.l-spioneers.org/hschool/teachers/pitts/bio/un7/old/un3/starch.gif

  28. Bibliography (continued) • http://bio.winona.edu/bates/Bio241/Chapter_Outline_03.htm • http://www.edzone.net/fulton/home/hstaff/salogarg/chem/propylene/structuresformalasandpictures.html • http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/partial/pv2137/pv2137.html • http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/cdi.htm • http://www.acmecompany.com/Pages/stock_science.html • http://academic.mu.edu/phys/buxtoni/DW/chembasislife_files • http://www.angelfire.com/az/smallandcute/animal.html

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