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Journey to the American Dream: Immigration and Demographics in the 19th Century

Explore the waves of European and Asian immigration to America in the late 1800s, from Ellis Island to Angel Island. Discover the impact on demographics, the challenges faced by immigrants, and the nativist movements that emerged. Learn about key laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act and the Gentlemen's Agreement. Uncover the struggles, contributions, and discrimination immigrants faced in pursuit of the American Dream.

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Journey to the American Dream: Immigration and Demographics in the 19th Century

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  1. Immigration Chapter 13, Section 1

  2. Immigrants- somebody who leaves their home country to live in another country Key Idea: America could offer them something they could not have access to in their home country. **American Dream** • Economic opportunities • Job, food, modern technology, etc. • Unrest in home country • Violence, famine, religion etc. • Family already in America • “Birds of Passage” • Low cost of coming to America -> steam ship Why Come to America?

  3. 1870-1920 20 million Europeans • Before 1890->West and Northern Europe • After 1890 -> Central and Eastern Europe Immigration by Area: Europe

  4. Ellis Island • An immigration station in New York Harbor • Not every immigrant was admitted (disease, criminal records, money/job) • 17 million immigrants passed through • Closed in 1954, now a museum Immigration by Area: Europe

  5. Ellis Island -1900’s

  6. Ellis Island Museum: Present Day

  7. How did Immigration affect the demographics in the United States?

  8. 1851-1883 about 300,000 Chinese immigrated • Gold and railroads • By 1920 more than 200,000 Japanese lived on the West Coast (California mainly) • Due to annexation of Hawaii which had many Japanese laborers b/c of Dole fruits. Immigration by Area: Asia

  9. Angel Island • An immigration station in San Francisco Bay • 1910-1940-> 50,000 Chinese • Treatment: harsh and often detained Immigration by Area: Asia

  10. Angel Island - 1916

  11. Interrogation:

  12. Why did Chinese immigrants come to the United States?

  13. Imagine you go to a foreign country and have to provide for the following on your own! • Language barrier • Living arrangements • Jobs/money • Food, clothing, basic items A Day in the Life of a New Immigrant:

  14. Nativists- supported American born people, mainly against immigrants • believed that immigrants brought European radicalism with them to America • blamed the newcomers for instigating the labor unrest that characterized much of the period. • Immigrants hold on to beliefs/customs. Against idea of melting pot • Social Darwinism with races • Eugenics: Europeans the greatest race Idea of Nativism

  15. American Protective Association (APA) • 1887: papal conspiracy against liberty • Against Roman Catholics (mainly those coming from Eastern and Central Europe) • Immigration Restriction League • 1894: America should be populated with people of Germanic origins because of their energy and intelligence. • Organized by Harvard graduates Nativist Groups:

  16. Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882 • Resulted from many workers and labor unions in the west concerned about job competition • Banned all Chinese immigrants except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials • Lasted till 1943 • Gentlemen’s Agreement: 1907 • Prior to agreement Japanese children were being forced to attend segregated school in San Francisco • Limited emigration of Japanese unskilled workers to US in exchange for repeal of segregation in schools. Restrictions on Immigration:

  17. Why did the Federal Government pass the Chinese Exclusion Act?

  18. Complete the graphic organizer by listing the reasons nativists opposed immigration to the United States?

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