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Maximization of ethanol yield and adsorption of heavy metal ions by fruit peels

Aman Mangalmurti Kara Newman Leong Qi Dong Soh Han Wei. Maximization of ethanol yield and adsorption of heavy metal ions by fruit peels. Problems. Rationale. Goals. Hypothesis. Ethanol yield from fermentation differs for both peels

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Maximization of ethanol yield and adsorption of heavy metal ions by fruit peels

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  1. AmanMangalmurti Kara Newman Leong Qi Dong Soh Han Wei Maximization of ethanol yield and adsorption of heavy metal ions by fruit peels

  2. Problems

  3. Rationale

  4. Goals

  5. Hypothesis • Ethanol yield from fermentation differs for both peels • The efficiency of heavy metal ion adsorption differs for both peels • The order of adsorption and fermentation has an effect on the ethanol yield and the efficiency of adsorption

  6. Experimental Outline

  7. Variables

  8. Apparatus & Materials Apparatus Materials Zymomonasmobilis Glucose-yeast medium Sodium alginate medium Calcium chloride solution Sodium Chloride solution Fruit peel Deionised water Dinitrosalicylicacid Acidified potassium chromate solution Lead (II), Copper (II), Zinc (II) ion solutions Lead (II), Copper (II), Zinc (II) reagent kits • Centrifuge • Centrifuge tube • Spectrophotometer • Spectrophotometer cuvettes • Glass rod • Dropper • Sieve • Blender • Boiling water bath • Shaking incubator • Fractional distillatory • Quincy Lab Model 30 GC hot-air oven • Rotary Mill • Sieve: 0.25mm (60 Mesh)

  9. Methods Ethanol fermentation Adsorption of heavy metal ions

  10. Ethanol Fermentation Preparation of Z. mobilis, Extraction of Sugars, Fermentation, Determination of Yield

  11. Growth of Z. mobilis

  12. Immobilisation of cells

  13. Extraction of sugars from fruit peels

  14. Determination of sugars in extracts

  15. Ethanol fermentation by immobilized Z. mobiliscells

  16. Determination of ethanol yield with the dichromate test

  17. Adsorption of heavy metal ions Pre-treatment of peel, Creation of heavy metal mixture, Adsorption, Determination of final ion concentration

  18. Preparation of peel powder and heavy metal ion mixture

  19. Adsorption and Determination of final ion concentration

  20. Data analysis

  21. Applications

  22. References • Anhwange, T. J. Ugye, T.D. Nyiaatagher (2009). Chemical composition of Musa sapientum (Banana) peels. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 8, 437-442. Retrieved on 29 October 2011 from: http://ejeafche.uvigo.es/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_view/gid,495 • Ban‐Koffi, L. & Han, Y.W. (1990). Alcohol production from pineapple waste. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 6(3), 281‐284. • Björklund, G. Burke, J. Foster, S. Rast, W. Vallée, D. Van derHoek, W. (2009, February 16). Impacts of water use on water systems and the environment (United Nations World Water Development Report 3). Retrieved June 6, 2011, from www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr3/pdf/19_WWDR3_ch_8.pdf • Hossain, A.B.M.S. & Fazliny, A.R. (2010). Creation of alternative energy by bio‐ethanol production from pineapple waste and the usage of its properties for engine. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(9), 813‐819. Retrieved October 27, 2011 from http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr/PDF/Pdf2010/4May/Hossain%20and%20Fazliny.pdf • Isitua, C.C. & Ibeh, I.N. (2010). Novel method of wine production from banana (Musa acuminata) and pineapple (Ananascomosus) wastes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(44), 7521‐7524.

  23. References • Mark R. Wilkins , Wilbur W. Widmer, Karel Grohmann (2007). Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of citrus peel waste by Saccharomycescerevisiae to produce ethanol. Process Biochemistry, 42, 1614–1619. Retrieved on 29 October 2011 from: http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/16371/1/IND44068998.pdf • Mishra, V., Balomajumder, C. & Agarwal, V.K. (2010). Biosorption of Zn(II) onto the surface of non‐living biomasses: a comparative study of adsorbent particle size and removal capacity of three different biomasses. Water Air Soil Pollution, 211, 489‐500. Retrieved October 27, 2011 from http://www.springerlink.com/content/2028u2q551416871/fulltext.pdf • Nigam, J.N. (2000). Continuous ethanol production from pineapple cannery waste using immobilized yeast cells. Journal of Biotechnology, 80(2), 189‐193. • Reddy, L.V., Reddy, O.V.S. & Wee, Y.‐J. (2011). Production of ethanol from mango (MangiferaindicaL.) peel by SaccharomycescerevisiaeCFTRI101. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(20), 4183‐4189. Retrieved October 27, 2011 from http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2011/16May/Reddy%20et%20al.pdf • Tanaka, K., Hilary, Z.D. & Ishizaki, A. (1999). Investigation of the utility of pineapple juice and pineapple waste material as low‐cost substrate for ethanol fermentation by Zymomonasmobilis. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 87(5), 642‐646. • US Environmental Protection Agency (2011) .Drinking Water Contaminants. Retrieved June 6, 2011, from http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm

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