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6987-2/05-Michigan- 1

The Nuclear Renaissance: A Resurgence of Nuclear Energy. Jim Reinsch President, Bechtel Nuclear Power Board of Directors, Nuclear Energy Institute President-Elect, American Nuclear Society. 6987-2/05-Michigan- 1. 6987-2/05-Michigan- 1. Acknowlegements. Steve L. Stamm, P.E.

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6987-2/05-Michigan- 1

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  1. The NuclearRenaissance: A Resurgence of Nuclear Energy Jim Reinsch President, Bechtel Nuclear Power Board of Directors, Nuclear Energy Institute President-Elect, American Nuclear Society 6987-2/05-Michigan-1 6987-2/05-Michigan-1

  2. Acknowlegements Steve L. Stamm, P.E. Nuclear Business Manager Stone & Webster Power Division

  3. Outline • ANS representation: • Massachusetts Institute of Technology • Shaw Stone & Webster • Framatome ANP • Seabrook Station • University of Massachusetts, Lowell • Resurgence of Nuclear Energy • Role of American Nuclear Society

  4. Massachusetts Institute of Technology • Ranked 5th by U.S. News and World Report • 10,000 students • 900 faculty • 32 majors • 5 schools • Milestones: • Penicillin • Vitamin A

  5. Shaw Group formed in 1987 One of Fortune's Top 500 companies Stone & Webster foundedin 1889 18,000 employees Provides multi-services Engineering Design Construction Maintenance Shaw Stone & Webster

  6. Seabrook Station • Majority owner— Florida Power and Light (FPL) • C.O.— August 1990 • 1,161 MW • Largest reactor in New England • Provides about 7 % of region’s electricity

  7. University of Massachusetts, Lowell • Founded in 1894 • Member of the University of Massachusetts system, 1991 • 12,000 students • $300 million in annual research • One of the 50 best universities in the world by Times of London

  8. Jointly-owned subsidiary with AREVA and Siemens World leader in: Engineering design and construction of nuclear power plants and research reactors Modernization, maintenance and repair services Component manufacturing Supply of nuclear fuel Manufacturing facilities in over 40 countries Framatome ANP

  9. Resurgence of Nuclear Energy 6987-2/05-Michigan-9

  10. Worldwide Perspective NASA

  11. World View • Global electricity demand to increase 50% by 2025 • 1.6%/yr for industrial world • 3.6%/yr for developing world Demand Trillion kWh 1850 1950 1990 2000 2050 2100 Year

  12. Global Average Temperature 58 °F Cause of Disruption • Emissions from CO2 from fossil fuel • Fossil fuel • 80% of world’s energy • 80% of new capacity brought on line in 2003 57 °F Nuclear • Limits greenhouse gas emissions 56 °F 1880 1894 1908 1922 1936 1950 1964 1978 1992 1999 5-year surface annual mean Source: NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies Global Emissions and Atmospheric Concentration of CO2 7000 400 Atmospheric concentrations measured directly 5000 350 Atmospheric concentrations derived from ice cores Emissions (MMTC) Atmospheric Concentration (ppm) 3000 300 1000 Emissions 250 EPRI Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center 1790 1815 1840 1865 1890 1915 1940 1975 1990 Environment

  13. -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Temperature Rise Environment 2 x CO2 of Existing Levels 4 x CO2 of Existing Levels EPRI 2100 2030

  14. Nuclear Drivers • Why Nuclear: • Safe • Proven performance • Affordable • Energy security/energy independence • Emission free • Abundant fuel and stable prices

  15. World View • World nuclear generation sets record in 2004 • 383,629 MW • 2,696 MMWh • 3.7% increase • Led by: • Record setting performance • U.S. • Sweden • Restart of units in: • Japan • Canada • Commissioning of new units • South Korea • Ukraine

  16. World View • 440 nuclear power plants • 16% of world’s electricity • Displaces 2 billion metric tons of CO2

  17. The Renaissance Begins 5 Other 8 Korea 30 Projects Underway in 2004 3 Russia 3 China 8 Europe 3 Japan

  18. NuclearOverview: Pacific Basin

  19. Pacific Basin • Asia fastest growing market • East and South Asia • 100 plants in operation • 20 under construction • 40 to 60 planned • Represents 36% of the world’s new capacity growth

  20. Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Basin • Greatest growth • China • Japan • South Korea • India 6987-2/05-Michigan-20

  21. China Perspective

  22. Quick Facts • World’s largest population • China = 1.3 billion • U.S. = 0.3 billion • Second largest energy consumer • U.S. = 25% of world total • China = 10% of world total

  23. Quick Facts • 2003 • 10% increase in generation capacity • 17% increase in demand • 15,000 MW shortage • 2004 • 9% increase in generation capacity • 16% increase in demand • 30,000 MW shortage

  24. Energy Portfolio 2%Nuclear Total ElectricalGeneration Hydro Coal

  25. Operation Under Construction Planning China’s Plan  Harbin WaFangDian6x1000MW PWR  Beijing HaiYang6x1000MW PWR TianWan6x1000MW VVER Qinshan I1x300MW PWR Qinshan II2x600MW PWR  Chengdu  Qinshan III2x665MW HWR Shanghai Qinshan IV 2x1000MW PWR Sanmen 6x1000MW PWR Fuzhou  HuiAn 6x1000MW PWR  Shenzhen  Daya Bay2x944MW PWR LingAo 2x950MW PWR Hong Kong LingDong2x1000MW PWR YangJiang 6x1000MW PWR

  26. Near-Term Plan • PWR technology selected • National Nuclear Steering Committee formed • National Development and Reforming Commission (NDRC) has significant role

  27. Path Forward • Nuclear power to be expanded • 6,600 MW to 40,000 MW by 2020 • Near-term construction • 4 replication units • 4 Generation III+ units • 2 at Sanmen • 2 at Yangjiang

  28. Current Invitation to Bid (ITB) Heilongjiang Sea of Japan RUSSIA JAPAN Jilin Liaoning NORTH KOREA Beijing MONGOLIA SOUTH KOREA Yellow Sea Hebei Shandong Inner Mongolia Shanxi Jiangsu Sanmen Nuclear Plant Xinjiang Shanghai Shaanxi Henan Anhui Gansu China Zhejiang Hubei Qinghai Jiangxi Fujian Sichuan Hunan Taiwan Tibet Guangdong Yangjiang Nuclear Plant Guizhou Hong Kong Guangxi Yunnan BHUTAN NEPAL VIETNAM South China Sea Hainan BURMA INDIA LAOS

  29. Status of ITB • ITB issued September 28, 2004 • PWR technology • Westinghouse • AREVA • Atomstroyexport • Construction award December 2005

  30. Westinghouse – AP 1000 • Passive safety systems permit simplification and improve safety • Modularization reduces construction to 36 months • NRC design certification provides regulatory certainty: • AP 600 — December 1999 • AP 1000 — August 2005 Westinghouse

  31. AREVA/Framatome ANP — EPR • Four loop RCS design • Four train safety systems • In-containment borated water storage • RCS depressurization system • Separate buildings for safety trains • Advanced “cockpit” control room • 48 months from first concrete to CO

  32. Atomstroyexport (Russian)VVER-1000 • “Evolutionary” design incorporating safety improvements • Standardization based on components that performed well on earlier plants (VVER-440) • Four loop RCS design • Horizontal steam generators • Redesigned fuel assemblies

  33. World Reactor Technologies Gen III+ Gen IV Today’s Designs Future Designs 6926-1/05-Purdue-33

  34. Future Designs • Generation IV advanced nuclear reactors (ARS) • Six candidates: • Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) • Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) • Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) • Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) • Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) • Supercritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR) December 2002 http://nuclear.gov/nerac/FinalRoadmapforNERACReview.pdf

  35. Future Designs — Generation IV - ARS • Technology • Top priority â Next Generation Nuclear Plant • High temperature • Passive safety • Improved economics • Demonstrates hydrogen production • High efficiency direct-cycle electricity production • Nonproliferation • Technology suppliers • PBMR (Pty) Ltd. â Pebble Bed (PBMR) • AREVA/Framatome ANP â ANTARES • General Atomics â GT-MHR

  36. Future Designs —Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) • PBMR (Pty) Ltd. — Pebble Bed Modular Reactor • High temperature (900 °C) helium-cooled reactor • TRISO-coated particle fuel in spherical fuel elements • On-line refueling • Direct cycle gas turbine • Inherent passive safety design

  37. Future Designs — NGNP • AREVA/Framatome ANP — ANTARES design • Prismatic core • Low cost • Maximum core design flexibility • Minimum core design uncertainty • Indirect cycle • Simplified design • Innovative CCGT-based power generation system • Developed with MHI and confirmed by EdF • Maximizes use of existing technology • Combined Brayton and Rankine cycles give high efficiency • Readily adaptable to H2 production

  38. Future Designs — NGNP • General Atomics — Gas Turbine — Modular HeliumReactor (GT-MHR) • Helium cooled reactor • Nonradioactive • High heat capacity • Gas turbine • Brayton cycle vs. steam cycle • High efficiency ~ 50% • Modern gas turbine technology • Ceramic fuel particles • High temperature capability > 1600 °C • Stable graphite core/moderator • High fuel burnup capability • High proliferation resistance

  39. Today’s Design — Generation III+ Advanced Light Water Reactors (ALWRs) • Simplified design • Passive systems to enhance safety and reduce cost • Standardized designs based on modularization producing shorter construction schedules • Enhanced resistance to proliferation

  40. Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR • General Electric âESBWR âABWR+ • BNFL/Westinghouse â AP 1000 • Atomic Energy Canada Limited â ACR-700 (AECL) • AREVA/ â EPR Framatome âSWR 1000 6900-12/04-40

  41. Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR • General Electric — ESBWR • Simplified the design • Less equipment and buildings • Shorter construction times • Reduced operation and maintenance costs • Improved plant performance and safety • Gives operational flexibility • Easier to get regulatory approval • Designed to U.S. and European requirements

  42. Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR • Westinghouse — AP 1000 • Passive safety systems permit simplification and improve safety • Modularization reduces construction to 36 months • NRC design certification provides regulatory certainty: • AP 600 — December 1999 • AP 1000 — August 2005 Westinghouse

  43. Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR • Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL) — ACR-700 • Evolution of CANDU 6 design (Qinshan) • Safe, economical design • 40 months from first concrete to fuel load for 1st unit • Currently in NRC pre-application review

  44. Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR • AREVA/Framatome ANP — EPR • Four loop RCS design • Four train safety systems • In-containment borated water storage • RCS depressurization system • Separate buildings for safety trains • Advanced “cockpit” control room • 48 months from first concrete to CO

  45. Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR • AREVA/Framatome ANP — SWR 1000 • Improved safety margin • Improved availability • Uses existing technology • Reduced construction time • 60-year service life • European utility involvement

  46. United States Perspective

  47. U.S. Nuclear Energy • Quick facts • 103 nuclear plants • 20% of the nation’s electricity • Displaces 680 million metric tons of CO2 • Equivalent to 131 million passengercars

  48. U.S. Nuclear Drivers • Safe • Proven nuclear plant performance • Cost effective • Affordable • Energy security/energy independence • Provides base load generation/grid stability • Emission free

  49. Proven Performance 90.7% Source: Energy Information Administration/Nuclear Regulatory Commission

  50. Affordable ($ per MWh) Source: University of Chicago 6987-2/05-Michigan-50

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