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A World of Acids & Bases: Understanding the pH Scale

Explore the fascinating properties of acids and bases, from sour tastes to conductivity. Learn about the pH scale and how neutralization reactions form salts and water. Discover the importance of pH indicators and the diverse applications of salts in our daily lives.

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A World of Acids & Bases: Understanding the pH Scale

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  1. Unit 6: Acids, Bases & the pH Scale A World of Liquids With Interesting Properties!

  2. What is an Acid? • A substance that has an increased number of dissolved Hydronium ions, (H3O+) • When a Hydrogen ion (H+) bonds with a water molecule (H2O) • Hydronium is simply a water molecule with an extra hydrogen atom making it an ion+ • Acid comes from a Latin term acere, which means “sour”

  3. What are the Properties of Acids? • Sour taste • React with metals to produce hydrogen gas • Change color of an indicator • Change blue litmus paper to red • Conduct electricity

  4. What is a Base? • A substance that has an increased number of dissolved Hydroxide ions (OH-) • A substance that has less than 49% of Hydronium dissolved in it

  5. What are the Properties of a Base? • Bitter taste • Slippery feel to them • Does NOT react with metals • Change color of an indicator • Change red litmus paper blue • Conducts electricity

  6. What is a Strong Acid? • A substance that has ALL of the Hydronium ions dissolved in water • Note - • Strong acids don’t always mean the most corrosive

  7. What is a Weak Acid? • A substance that only has a few molecules of Hydronium dissolved in water • Note - • Can be very corrosive, but not always

  8. What is a Strong Base? • A substance that has ALL of the Hydroxide ions dissolved in water • Used mostly as household cleaners

  9. What is a Weak Base? • A substance that only has a few molecules of Hydroxide dissolved in water • Most common in detergents/soaps.

  10. What is a Neutralization Reaction? • When the H+ ions of an acid react with the OH- ions of a base to form water, which is neutral • 2 substances form from this reaction • Salt and Water

  11. What is the pH scale? • A scale showing the concentration of Hydronium ions dissolved in water. • Each number represents a power of 10 • pH2 is 100 times more acidic than pH4

  12. What are pH Indicators? • A substance that changes color in the presences of either an acid or a base. • Examples • pH paper • Litmus papers • Bromthymol blue

  13. What are Salts? • Not necessarily table salt • An ionic compound formed from the neutralization of an acid and a base • Used for many products in society

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