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“Just In Time” Delivery

Energy Behavior Change + Low Energy Homes Kent Larson kll@mit.edu. “Just In Time” Delivery. Appalling Statistic: The US, with 5% of the world’s population, consumes 25% of the world’s energy. Energy consumption (kg of oil equivalents per capita) US: 7798 Denmark: 3045.

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“Just In Time” Delivery

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  1. Energy Behavior Change + Low Energy Homes Kent Larson kll@mit.edu “Just In Time” Delivery

  2. Appalling Statistic: The US, with 5% of the world’s population, consumes 25% of the world’s energy

  3. Energy consumption (kg of oil equivalents per capita) US: 7798 Denmark: 3045

  4. US Consumption of Energy: 39% Buildings 33% Industrial 28% Transportation

  5. US Consumption of Energy in Buildings: 54% Residential 46% Commercial & Institutional

  6. Energy consumed over the life of a building: 84% Use 13% Manufacturing 2% Construction 1% Demolition

  7. Cost-effectiveness of energy-related investment in cents/kwh: 30-80¢Photovoltaics 5-10¢ Small Hydro 4-7¢ Nuclear 4-6¢ Gas 4¢ Coal 3¢ Wind 0.8¢Low Energy Homes (+) Energy Behavior Change Energy Sources

  8. Energy Behavior Change

  9. Information at the point of decision – changing driving behavior

  10. Information at the point of decision – changing driving behavior

  11. PlaceLab Energy Wastage • Study • Married couple • 10 week pilot study • 37 electrical circuits monitored • Activity detection location every 8 seconds

  12. MITes • (MIT Environmental Sensors) • Variations: • 1) Object motion • 2) Body movement • 3) Temperature • 4) Light level • 5) RFID reader • 6) Haptic output • 7) Location beacons • 8) IR distance ranger • 9) Electrical current • (Electrical device use) • 10) Ultra violet light • 11) Heart rate monitor • Funded by National Science Foundation (NSF)

  13. hinged panels to micro-controllers speakers air quality sensors IR illuminators hinged panels to sensor bus cabinet door switches countertop activity cameras refrigerator use sensors microwave use sensors oven & range use sensors cabinet drawer sensors hot water use sensor cold water use sensor hinged panels to sensor bus cabinet door switches sensor network connections internet connections temperature sensors Power integrated into cabinetry hinged panels to subwoofers

  14. Data: Where people are Human activity Human Interaction with systems and objects State of environment Focus on: Energy behaviors PlaceLab

  15. Study 1 • Potential for reducing consumption

  16. Handlense sensor visualization tool • Developed at House_n Vampire power sources Unused lights & Devices Analysis Tool • Example: device consuming power in red, lights on in yellow

  17. Space in use Devices in use Projected Usage • Devices and lights on only in spaces with occupancy

  18. 42% savings in electrical consumption predicted

  19. Distribution of wasted energy

  20. Study 2 GPS Enabled Thermostat Can we more effectively encourage energy conservation by combining? Information + Automation + Persuasion + Control + Positive Reinforcement

  21. Phone with GPS communicates travel time to home • Return • home • Leave • home • Comfortable Temperature • Comfortable • Temperature • upon arrival • Thermostat • Set back • When unoccupied • Begin to • Travel home Automation GPS Enabled Thermostat

  22. Automation GPS Enabled Thermostat

  23. Persuasion GPS Enabled Thermostat

  24. Control GPS Enabled Thermostat

  25. Cooling as fast as Possible to 72 deg Time to Cool 27 min. Information GPS Enabled Thermostat

  26. Positive Reinforcement GPS Enabled Thermostat

  27. Which is more effective in encouraging behavior change: • Save 25c today • Save $91 • this year • Have $758 more five years from now • Have $22,055 more for retirement at age 65 How information is presented is critical!

  28. Study 3 • Tunable LED lighting responsive to activity and path prediction • w/ Siemens (Sylvania): • (so that office occupants are never aware of lighting adjustment)

  29. Low Energy Homes MIT House_n Research Consortium Open Prototype Initiative

  30. Open Prototype Initiative • Open_2 • President’s zero-energy house, Unity College, Maine b

  31. Disentangled layers with • six primary systems: • Utility chassis • Loft chassis • Roof components • Integrated interior infill • Responsive façade components • Agile technologies

  32. Utility chassis: all plumbing, electrical distribution, HVAC, bathrooms, kitchen, solar equipment (highly constrained) Unity College, Maine President’s Zero Energy, LEED Platinum House

  33. Prefabricated mechanical room

  34. Loft chassis (unconstrained dimensions and form)

  35. Roof components (PV and solar hot water)

  36. Responsive, high performance façade components

  37. Integrated interior infill

  38. Chassis interior w/o infill Infill design A Infill design B

  39. Disentangled technologies

  40. mechanical module sliding panels integrated infill wall timber frame “chassis” insulating doors (w/ aerogel) solar shades Goal: scalable systems, optimized w/o engineers and architects

  41. Open_3 • Cambridge, MA • Mass-customized, zero energy, multifamily “living lab” • Open_3: mass customized apartments

  42. Energy Behavior Change + Low Energy Homes Kent Larson kll@mit.edu “Just In Time” Delivery

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