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CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. Introduction. 1700s, France considered the most advanced country in Europe. It was the center of the Enlightenment, but it still used the ideas left over from the middle ages. In the 1770s, the feudal system, the Old Regime, was still used in France.

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CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

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  1. CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

  2. Introduction 1700s, France considered the most advanced country in Europe. It was the center of the Enlightenment, but it still used the ideas left over from the middle ages. In the 1770s, the feudal system, the Old Regime, was still used in France. The 2nd Estate is so fashionable

  3. The French Revolution 1789 Overview: In 1789, a financial crisis, an outmoded social system, and an indecisive king burdened France. Reform was demanded….. Peasants rioted….. France was no longer in control of her king.

  4. ECONOMIC ECONOMIC

  5. FRENCH TREASURY BANKRUPT

  6. Decadence of King Louis XIV’s Court Versailles Palace

  7. Large war-related expenditures by King Louis XIV 7 Years War (a.k.a. French & Indian War) American Revolution Countless other military expenses

  8. King Louis XVI attempts to revive the French economy through: Taxation of the 3rd Estate (peasants & bourgeois) Reinstitution of Feudal Dues Confiscation of possessions for non-payment

  9. POOR HARVESTS Scarcity of food compounded the poor economic situation

  10. Causes of the French Revolution Economic Crisis Large Debt Tax Reform Poor Harvest • Court Spending • 7 Years War • Helping Amer. With revolution

  11. POLITICAL

  12. Unequal Representation in gave the majority no voice This allowed 2% of population to control all decisions of the Estates General

  13. Privileges enjoyed by the 1st & 2nd Estates breed discontent among the members of the 3rd Estate Grrrrrrrrr….

  14. The Old Regime Social system dating back to the Middle Ages. Every person was categorized.

  15. The First Estate Clergy Owned 10% of the land Tax Exempt 1 vote in Estates General 0.5% of the pop. CanI get an Amen!

  16. The Second Estate Nobility Owned 20% of the land Tax exempt 1 vote in Estates General 1.5% of the pop.

  17. The Third Estate Bourgeoisie (middle class), rural peasants, & urban workers Owned 70% of land All paid taxes Peasants paid feudal dues 1 vote in Estates General 98% of the pop. All work & no play makes Jacques a dull boy

  18. 1st Estate(Clergy)2nd Estate(Nobility)3rd Estate(everyone else) Ouch

  19. 1% population • 10% land • Tax Exempt 1st: Clergy • 2% pop. • 35% land • Special treatment, little to no taxes Three Estates Causes of the French Revolution 2nd: Nobility 3rd:Everyone Else • 97% pop. • 55% land • Middle Class, peasants, urban workers, etc. • Taxed

  20. Although wealthy bourgeoisies could buy titles and political office, the best jobs were reserved for the nobility

  21. City workers were severely underpaid

  22. Only nobles were allowed to hunt game, a prime source of food during a famine

  23. Weak Monarchy Causes of the French Revolution Interests were in life at court Incapable of strong decisions

  24. IMPACT OF ENLIGHTENED IDEAS

  25. Ideas of Locke and Rousseau regarding the ideal form of government spurred movements for change among the educated Bourgeoisies

  26. The success of the American Revolution used as model for change in the French government

  27. Natural Rights of Man All men are created equal Influence of Revolutionary Success in North America Challenged Absolutism Age of Enlightenment No taxation without representation Causes of the French Revolution

  28. the Estates General Meeting • May 5, 1789 - Versailles Called by Louis XVI because of France’s financial crisis • Purpose: • create a list of grievances • raise money for the king Wow! That’s a big room for that many people!

  29. the Estates General Meeting Vote by order each estate would get 1 vote this causes………………… ANGER! The 3rd estate realized they should get more then one vote. So they threatened to leave & they did. As you know the reason I called all of you here is because France is in financial trouble. No thanks to you and your family

  30. The Tennis Court Oath 3rd estate separates & goes to a nearby tennis court Formed National Assembly& pledged not to separate until an agreement was reached. Two years after they pledged the Constitution of 1791 was signed. Yes I Pledge I will stay hear until we have our way We all should pledge to stay

  31. The Tennis Court Oath They vowed to meet until they write a sound and just constitution! A baby step to democracy…. This constitution didn’t work too well, but was an act trying to reform France’s government closer to something resembling democracy.

  32. T The Storming of the Bastille

  33. Storming the Bastille July 14, 1789 Members of the 3rd estate attack the Bastille, which is a French prison, looking for gunpowder. This was a step towards democracy, because an important building went from the control of the king to the control of the citizens. Yah!! Lets go!

  34. Storming the Bastille Symbolic act = people want freedom “…we have the power, give us our say.” 14th of July!!

  35. Video – The Bastille

  36. Natural Rights of Man All men are created equal Influence of Revolutionary Success in North America • 1% population • 10% land • Tax Exempt Challenged Absolutism Age of Enlightenment No taxation without representation 1st: Clergy • 2% pop. • 35% land • Special treatment, little to no taxes Three Estates Weak Monarchy Causes of the French Revolution Interests were in life at court 2nd: Nobility 3rd:Everyone Else Incapable of strong decisions Economic Crisis • 97% pop. • 55% land • Middle Class, peasants, urban workers, etc. • Taxed Large Debt Tax Reform Poor Harvest • Court Spending • 7 Years War • Helping Amer. With revolution CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION DIAGRAM

  37. March On Versailles In October of 1789 6,000 Parisianwomen marched towards the Palace of Versailles. The women were furious at the King and Queen over the rising breadprices. They rioted and said they wanted Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette to go to Paris. Louis finally agreed to go to Paris, and he promisedhe would get bread for the women. He and his family would never see Versailles again. This was a step towards democracy, because women, who supposedly had hardly any power, got the King and Queen to leave their palace and go to Paris. We want bread! We want bread! We want bread! Go to Paris Louis and Marie!

  38. The March on Versailles In October 17 1789, about 6,000 Parisian women marched to the Palace of Versailles to demand bread for the starving masses of Paris. The king made a promise to go back to Paris with the angry mob, but he never would return to Versailles. This act contributed to the rise of democracy because it signaled the change of power and radical reforms to overtake France. We want bread! We want bread!

  39. Reign of Terror The “Reign of Terror” was the time period in the French Revolution when Robespierre was put in charge of the Committee of Public Safety. Robespierre decided who would be named an enemy of the Republic and executed on treason. Executions were carried out on the guillotine. From July 1793 to July 1794, about 40,000 people were executed, most of them being falsely accused, and 85 percent of them being peasants. The Reign of Terror ended when Maximilian Robespierre lost his head on July 28, 1794. The Reign of Terror did not do anything to help democracy, but it made way for a brilliant leader. Mommy! I’m scared!

  40. The Reign Of Terror From July 1793 to July 1794 year was known as The Reign Of Terror. Robespierre was the head of the Reign of Terror. Robespierre and his followers set out to build a “republic of virtue.” During this period up to 40,000 people were executed, mostly by the guillotine. You were sent to the guillotine for everything especially treason. Treason is when you speak back to the government. The Reign of Terror ended when Robespierre himself was sent to the guillotine. This helped and hurt the rise of democracy. It hurt the rise of democracy because one person took complete control and had almost an unlimited amount of power. It helped the rise of democracy because someone who was getting out of hand was dealt with. Mom, we walked all the way here for this? We want to be entertained! Next!!

  41. The Rise Of Napoleon In 1800 Napoleon became the emperor of France. Napoleon had already had military success as a French Military General in the war. Napoleon brought some reforms of the revolution like equal taxation. Napoleon ruled as a military dictatorship. Napoleon created the Napoleonic Code which was a system of laws and rights. The Napoleonic Code took away rights from women, and it took away freedom of speech, among other things that had been gained from the Revolutionary War. Napoleon lost only one major battle, Unfortunately for Napoleon this loss was more important than any of his wins. The Rise of Napoleon was not a major step towards democracy even thought the people voted for him. Napoleon took advantage of the French people and became an absolute power. I crown myself king!

  42. Rise of Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte was debatably one of the most brilliant leaders of all time. He was able to take France out of its revolution and he made it one of the largest powers the world has ever seen. Napoleon introduced some reforms of the revolution that stabilized France’s economy, government, and religion. Right after crowning himself emperor, he led conquests into other countries and had great military success. I think it is debatable if Napoleon contributed to democracy or not. Some of his reforms shafted citizens of basic freedoms, something usually done in a dictatorship, but he gave France what it needed to in a time of chaos. Napoleon was 5’3” tall! Nickname -”Little Corporal”

  43. Conclusion Napoleon’s power was at a peak, and so was France’s. In an effort to control Europe, Napoleon invaded Russia. His army was crushed, and so was France’s power in Europe. Soon after, France’s newly acquired territory was lost, and the old monarchies were restored. A balance of power was put into effect so no country would ever become too powerful. All of these things happened at the congress of Vienna. In France, the monarchy was also restored, but this time as a constitutional monarchy under the rule of King Louis XVIII. Fearing that he would also be beheaded, he gave up some of his power to the constitution. What contributed to Napoleon’s downfall?

  44. Resource www.members.aol.com/agentmess/frenchrev/ www.txdirect.net/users/rrichard/napoleo1.htm www.chnm.gmu.edu/revolution www.humanities.uchicago.edu/homes/mark/fr_rev.html www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook13.html www.history.hanover.edu/modern/frenchrv.htm www.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/History/ /french-rev.htm www.port.ac.uk/andressd/frlinks.htm

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