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Mastering Three Phase Inverter Motors: Fundamentals and Applications

Unlock the world of three-phase systems, pulse width modulation, and inverter-driven applications with this comprehensive training. Discover the advantages of Poly-Phase systems and learn about power calculation methods. Delve into the intricacies of three-phase measurements and understand the basics of Pulse Width Modulation. Explore the principles behind inverter operation, including regeneration of AC signals and motor speed control. Gain practical insights through demonstration circuits and real-world examples. Enhance your knowledge of electrical systems and elevate your expertise in three-phase technologies.

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Mastering Three Phase Inverter Motors: Fundamentals and Applications

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  1. Three Phase Inverter Motors Ben Kemink

  2. Three Phase Inverter Motor At the end of this training session you will have learned; • There are different three-phase measurements. • Pulse Width Modulation. • Inverter Driven Applications mess-up with Period Time T.

  3. Three Phase Systems A One-Phase System, also called a Single-Phase (SP) System works very much similar to a DC network and can be considered so far at any particular moment in time. Electrical Systems comprising two or more phases are also called Multi-Phase or Poly-Phase (PP) systems. The voltage amplitudes and frequencies in the individual system circuits are the same, but they have definite phase differences.

  4. Why Poly-Phase? The technical complications and economical investments are small compared to the enormous advantages of a Poly-Phase system: 1. Same size generator or motor, higher output. 2. Same energy transmission less copper required. 3. PP motors have uniform torque, SP have pulsating torque *). 4. PP motors are self-starting, SP are not *). 5. Polyphase generators work fine parallel, SP not. *) Single Phase commutator motors are exception.

  5. Why 3 Phase and not 7?

  6. Three Phase is ideal Source: Advanced Electrical Technology by H.Cotton

  7. Three-Phase Three-Wire Total Power calculation based on Two-Watt-meter method 3 wires – 1 = 2 power meters required

  8. Three-Phase Four-Wire 4 wires - 1 = 3 Watt meters are required

  9. Three-Voltage Three-Current Calculation based on Two-Watt meter method. Third Phase measurements are added.

  10. Three-Phase Three-Wire with PT & CT

  11. Introduction • What is Three phase? • Three phase = three signals • Phase shift: 1200 Figure 1: Phase shift 1200

  12. Pulse Width Modulation of a Sine Wave

  13. Demonstration circuit Demonstration circuit consists of: • Frequency inverter; • 3-Phase Electromotor; • Power meter; Figure 2: Demonstration circuit

  14. L1(mains) Demonstration circuit • Freq. inverter • Step 1: AC → DC • Step 2: DC → 3-Phase T T Control unit 0 Hz → 50 Hz Figure 3: Block diagram 1phase inverter

  15. Demonstration circuit • AC → DC • Performed by rectifier; • DC-signal is smoothened by capacitor; • In 3phase mains the output of the rectifiers is connected to the same capacitor; • Freq. inverter Step 1: rectifying Example: Single phase rectifying t → Figure 4: rectifier

  16. U t Demonstration circuit • Freq. inverter • Step 2: regeneration of 3-Phase-signals • Six switches • Generate periodic pulse-trains; • Insulated Gate Bipolair Transistor (IGBT); • High frequency switches; New Period T t Figure 5: Inverter step 2: regeneration of AC-signals

  17. Demonstration circuit • Freq. inverter • YEF-HQ Test Motor Figure 6: Output of Freq. Inverter: 1-phase, current (green) / voltage (yellow)

  18. U U V V W W Running the motor CW • Direction • Direction (CCW or CW) • Can be changed by manipulating the pulses CCW

  19. U U V V W W Running the motor T • Speed • Depends on the switching frequency Slow Two times faster T

  20. Faster 1s time window Running the motor • Speed: voltage (yellow) and current (green) • Slow • 1s time window Figure 7: Output of Freq. Inverter at different speeds

  21. Now you have learned; • There are different three-phase measurements. • What Pulse Width Modulation is. • Why Inverters mess-up with Period Time T.

  22. Thank you for your attention

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