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DNA and RNA: Molecular Genetics Essentials

Explore the pivotal roles of DNA and RNA, including replication, transcription, and translation processes. Learn about DNA structure, base pairing rules, and the genetic code. Understand the differences between DNA and RNA, and their impact on heredity.

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DNA and RNA: Molecular Genetics Essentials

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  1. Chapter 12 & 13 DNA and RNA

  2. 1 • The role of DNA is to ___. • A. Store, copy and create heredity information • B. Copy, modify and transmit heredity information • C. Store, copy and transmit heredity information

  3. 2 • What is a bacteriophage? • A. A bacteria • B. A virus • C. a plant

  4. 3 • DNA is made up of ________ joined into long strands or chains by covalent bonds. • A. nucleotides • B. amino acids • C. lipids

  5. 4 • DNA as found by Watson and Crick has a _____________ shape. • A. circular • B. linear • C. double-helix

  6. 5 • According to Chargaff’s rule of base pairing and how DNA is held together, ___ pairs with Guanine and ____ pairs with Thymine. • A. Cytosine; Adenine • B. Adenine ; Cytosine

  7. 6 • _____________ is an enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA. • A. DNA replicator • B. DNA polymerase • C. DNA polymer

  8. 7 • Replication in most _________ cells starts form a single point and proceeds in two directions until the entire chromosome is copied. • A. Prokaryote • B. Eukaryote

  9. 8 • The main differences between RNA and DNA are that (1) the sugar in RNA is ____ ; (2) RNA is generally ______-stranded; (3) RNA contains __________. • A. ribose; double; uracil • B. ribose; single; thymine • C. ribose; single; uracil

  10. 9 • In ____________, segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules. • A. Transcription • B. Translation • C. Replication

  11. 10 • The genetic code is read ____ “letters” at a time, so that each “word” is ____ bases long and corresponds to a single amino acid. • A. one • B. two • C. three

  12. 11 • Ribosomes use the sequence of ______ to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain. • A. mRNA • B. rRNA • C. tRNA

  13. 12 • The central dogma of molecular biology is that information is transferred from ________. • A. RNA to DNA to protein • B. protein to DNA to RNA • C. DNA to RNA to protein

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