Addressing Water Quality Standards for Recreational Use in Urban Environments

The challenge of maintaining water quality standards for recreational use is significant, particularly in urban areas affected by combined sewer overflows (CSOs), sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), and agricultural runoff. Many states have adopted "primary contact recreation" criteria for almost all bodies of water, implying year-round suitability for activities like swimming. However, achieving the protective bacteriological criteria required can be particularly difficult due to pollution from urban sources. A comprehensive approach is necessary to address these water quality issues for public health and environmental preservation.

• water quality standards
• recreational use
• urban pollution
• bacteriological criteriatext

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