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NPOESS Preparatory Project Ocean Color Update

NPOESS Preparatory Project Ocean Color Update. NPOESS Preparatory Project Ocean Color Update. ?. K. Turpie kevin.r.turpie@nasa.gov NASA NPP VIIRS Ocean Science Team (VOST) Ocean Color Research Team (OCRT) Meeting 4 April 2009 Manhattan, New York. NASA NPP VOST. NASA NPP VOST.

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NPOESS Preparatory Project Ocean Color Update

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  1. NPOESS Preparatory Project Ocean Color Update NPOESS Preparatory Project Ocean Color Update ? K. Turpie kevin.r.turpie@nasa.gov NASA NPP VIIRS Ocean Science Team (VOST) Ocean Color Research Team (OCRT) Meeting 4 April 2009 Manhattan, New York

  2. NASA NPP VOST NASA NPP VOST VIIRS Ocean Science Team Ocean Color Paula Bontempi (NASA1) Gene Feldman (GSFC4,8) Chuck McClain (GSFC2,6,8) Wayne Esaias (GSFC5,9) Jack Xiong (GSFC7) Bob Barnes (SAIC8) Gene Eplee (SAIC8) Gerhard Meister (Futuretech8) Fred Patt (SAIC8) Wayne Robinson (SAIC8) Kevin Turpie (SAIC3,8) Government Colleagues Bob Arnone (NAVY10) Paul Lyon (NAVY) Bo-Cai Gao (NAVY) Richard Stumpf (NOAA) Menghua Wang (NOAA6) SST Bob Evans (RSMAS6) Peter Minnett (RSMAS6) • Primary Areas of Interest: • VIIRS Radiometric Design: • VisNIR (OC) • SWIR (OC) • Thermal Bands (SST) • Sensor Performance / Calibration: • Prelaunch Characterization • On-orbit Solar & Lunar Cals • Postlaunch Cal/Val • Ocean Color Algorithms & Code • SDR to EDR requirements • Atmospheric Correction • Bio-optical Algorithms • Data System & Formats 1 NASA Program Manager 2 NASA NPP OC Science Team PI 3 NASA NPP Science Team Deputy PI 4 NASA Ocean PEATE Lead 5 NASA NPP VIIRS Sensor Scientist 6 NASA NPP Science Team Member 7 NPP Instrument Cal Sci Team Lead (NICST) 8 GSFC Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) 9 VOAT Ocean Co-Chair 10 IPO Ocean Cal/Val Lead

  3. INTRODUCTION - National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System - NPOESS Preparatory Project - Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite NPOESS NPP VIIRS

  4. MISSION CONTEXT

  5. VIIRS OVERVIEW PURPOSE: Global operational observations of land, ocean, & atmosphere parameters. PREDECESSORS: AVHRR, OLS, MODIS, SeaWiFS • FACT SHEET • Multi-spectral crosstrack scanning instrument • Flies on every NPOESS satellite, NPP • 23 of 55 EDRs – land, ocean, atmosphere • 3 of 6 Key Performance Parameters • Imagery, Sea Surface Temperature, Soil Moisture • Imagery and radiometry • “Fine” (imaging) 0.4 km resolution (nadir) • “Moderate” (radiometry) 0.8 km resolution • 12 bit quantization • 22 spectral bands (0.4 – 12.5 μm) • 15 “reflective” VNIR-SWIR bands 0.4 – 2.3 μm • 3 “mixed” MWIR bands 3.5 – 4.1 μm • 4 “emissive” LWIR bands 8.4 – 12.5 μm • Automatic dual VNIR & triple DNB gains • EDR-dependent swath widths • 1700, 2000, and 3000 km 5

  6. SeaWiFS (1997- ) CZCS (1978-1985) MODIS (2002- )* NPP / VIIRS Products No Measurements Ultraviolet Total pigment or Chlorophyll-a but major errors due to absorption by dissolved organics Atmospheric Correction/ MODIS chlorophyll fluorescence Visible Atmospheric Correction (clear ocean) NIR Atmospheric Correction (coastal)** SWIR * MODIS on Terra was launched in 1999, but does not yet provide climate quality ocean data MODIS/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) SWIR bands are not optimized for oceans ** VIIRS BAND SELECTION 6

  7. INSTRUMENT STATUS • NPP Flight Unit testing was completed. • NPP Flight Unit (FU1) ambient testing done. • Pre-Thermal/Vacuum (T/V) testing is done. • T/V testing preparations began yesterday. • T/V testing expected to be complete: • Post-T/V testing expected to be complete: • Launch dates: 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009 3 May 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 NPP NPOESS-C1 NPOESS-C2 Jan 2011* Mar 2014* May 2016* * - Dates still awaiting formal approval from funding agencies. 7

  8. NPP VIIRS WATCHES, ISSUES, AND CONCERNS

  9. WATCHES, ISSUES, AND CONCERNS !! !! CATEGORY SOLUTION  Watch  Likely ! Issue ! Possible ! !! !! Concern !! Plausible ? Unknown ? Unknown 0 0 None None 0 ! !  !  !  !      9

  10. WATCHES, ISSUES, AND CONCERNS !! !! CATEGORY SOLUTION  Watch  Likely ! Issue ! Possible !! !! !! Concern !! Plausible ? Unknown ? Unknown 0 0 None None ! !! ! !! Prelaunch !  Postlaunch ! !! 10

  11. WATCHES, ISSUES, AND CONCERNS ? ? CATEGORY SOLUTION  Watch  Likely !! !! ! Issue ! Possible !! Concern !! Plausible ? Unknown ? Unknown ! !! 0 0 None None ! !! ! !! ! ! 11

  12. WATCHES, ISSUES, AND CONCERNS ! !! CATEGORY SOLUTION  Watch  Likely ! Issue ! Possible ! ! !! Concern !! Plausible ? Unknown ? Unknown ! ! 0 0 None None 0 !  ! 12

  13. RECAP • VIIRS design may provide minimal support of NASA ocean color data continuity requirements. • MODIS Aqua will be ~9 years old at the current NPP launch date; NPP is the only approved US ocean color mission bridging EOS with NPOESS and beyond. • However, based on current information, performance issues may significantly affect ocean color data quality. • Characterization of NPP anomalies for on-orbit correction are facing new technical challenges; on-orbit corrections may be impacted. • Critical for-the-record measurements are expected over the next several months; along with final characterization and assessment. • We are watching, we have issues, and we are concerned…

  14. RECAP • To keep up with schedule and cost, some testing and improvements (h/w and s/w) have been deferred to NPOESS. • Agencies have been dilatory in defining and funding of postlaunch Cal/Val activities. • Algorithms are 10 years old and Chl different from NASA data record. • No mission-scale reprocessing currently funded for NPP/ NPOESS; large periods of data may not benefit from vicarious calibration and post-launch improvements and discontinuities may be present.

  15. CONCLUSIONS • NASA is not currently invested in NPOESS, and will not likely meet its ocean color data continuity requirements from NPP, as is. • Some science questions with NPP VIIRS may also be impacted. • Gap in data quality for US ocean color climate data records may occur sometime during 2011-14 time frame. • To meet objectives of data continuity, increased focus will be needed for beyond NPP launch. Suggested areas: • Development of on-orbit correction of instrument behavior and algorithm modifications for NPP VIIRS. • Development of specialized Cal/Val activities, including novel surface data collection strategies and analysis. • NPOESS investment for comparison with and retrospective correction of NPP VIIRS (NPOESS is also the only US bridge to ACE).

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