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NEW RIVALS ON THE WORLD STAGE

NEW RIVALS ON THE WORLD STAGE. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL = 16 TH CENTURY DUTCH REPUBLIC, FRANCE, ENGLAND = 17 TH CENTURY. AFRICA: THE SLAVE TRADE. PORTUGUESE HAD CONTROL OVER SLAVE TRADE IN AFRICA AND SPICE TRADE IN INDIAN OCEAN

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NEW RIVALS ON THE WORLD STAGE

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  1. NEW RIVALS ON THE WORLD STAGE • SPAIN AND PORTUGAL = 16TH CENTURY • DUTCH REPUBLIC, FRANCE, ENGLAND = 17TH CENTURY

  2. AFRICA: THE SLAVE TRADE • PORTUGUESE HAD CONTROL OVER SLAVE TRADE IN AFRICA AND SPICE TRADE IN INDIAN OCEAN • MID-17THCENTURY - DUTCH SEIZE CONTROL OF PORTUG. FORTS ON W. COAST OF AFRICA AND TAKE CONTROL OF TRADE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN • THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY • CAPE TOWN

  3. OVER 10 MILLION AFRICANS FORCIBLY ABDUCTED AND SOLD INTO SLAVERY

  4. AFRICAN SLAVERY • AFFECTED COAST NOT INTERIOR • 16-18TH CENTURY TENS OF MILLIONS ENSLAVED • PRIOR TO 16TH CENT SLAVERY WAS LIMITED • SUGARCANE AND SUGAR PLANTATIONS SET UP IN THE 17TH CENT IN CARIBBEAN AND SOUTH AMERICA • NATIVES HAD BEEN KILLED/DIED OFF -> NEED FOR NEW LABOR = AFRICA

  5. GROWTH OF THE SLAVE TRADE • ENSLAVED AFRICANS 1. 16TH CENT = 275,000 2. 17TH CENT = OVER 1 MILLION 3. 18TH CENT = 6 MILLION 4. 19TH CENT = SLAVE TRADE IS ENDING = 2 MILLION 5. EST THAT 10 MILLION AFRICANS WERE FORCIBLE EXPORTED TO THE AMERICAS

  6. SLAVE TRANSPORT • HIGH MORTALITY RATES - 10% • 300-450 SLAVES PER SHIP • 100 DAY JOURNEY • UNSANITARY, CROWDED, INHUMAN CONDITIONS • HIGH DEATH RATE DUE TO DISEASE IN THE NEW WORLD

  7. EFFECTS OF THE SLAVE TRADE • RAVAGED INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES • CHEAP GOODS FROM EUROPE DESTROYED LOCAL COTTAGE INDUSTRY IN AFRICA • DEPOPULATION - YOUNGEST AND STRONGEST TAKEN • POLITICAL EFFECTS - INCREASED TRIBAL WARFARE AND VIOLENCE

  8. OPPOSITION TO SLAVERY AND THE SLAVE TRADE • DIDN’T EXIST IN EUROPE • RACISM • FIRST OPPOSITION = THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS = THE QUAKERS - 1770’S • ABOLISHED IN French rev. 1790’s • BRITAIN ABOLISHES SLAVERY IN 1807 • USA NOT UNTIL THE CIVIL WAR IN THE 1860’S

  9. THE WEST IN SOUTHEAST ASIA • PORTUGAL ATTEMPTED TO DOMINATE TRADE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA • PORTUGAL LACKED ENOUGH WEALTH AND POP TO COLONIZE ASIA • SPANISH ESTABLISH CONTROL OF THE PHILIPPINES • PORTUGUESE TRADE EMPIRE IS SQUEEZED OUT BY THE DUTCH AND ENGLISH • BY THE END OF 18TH CENT DUTCH TAKE COLONIAL CONTROL OF INDONESIA • MAINLAND STATES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA ABLE TO RESIST EUROPEAN CONTROL -> BURMA, THAILAND, VIETNAM

  10. THE ASIENTO • The right to sell slaves in Spanish colonies • English gained control of the asiento • English made huge profits in the slave trade

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