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Understanding States of Matter and Phase Changes

Learn about the properties and particle descriptions of solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Explore the Kinetic Theory of Matter and discover how thermal expansion and phase changes occur. Understand the transformations between solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states.

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Understanding States of Matter and Phase Changes

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  1. States of Matter

  2. Matter • anything that has mass and takes up space

  3. Kinetic Theory of Matter • all particles of matter are in constant motion

  4. Solid Properties • Definite shape • Definite volume

  5. Solid Particle Description • Closely packed • Vibrate in place • Do not change position easily • Cannot overcome attractive forces

  6. Solid Examples • Ice • Metal

  7. Liquid Properties • No definite shape • Takes the shape of its container • Definite volume

  8. Liquid Particle Description • Closely packed • Able to flow by overcoming some attractive forces to move past one and other

  9. Liquid Examples • Water • Milk

  10. Gas Properties • No definite shape • No definite volume • Takes the shape and volume of the container

  11. Gas Particle Description • Diffuse • Spread apart evenly • Able to move quickly and freely in all directions by overcoming all attractive forces

  12. Gas Examples • Oxygen • Steam

  13. Plasma Properties • No definite shape • No definite volume • Heated to extreme temperatures

  14. Plasma Particle Description • Gas-like mixture of positively and negatively charged particles

  15. Plasma Examples

  16. Plasma Examples • Sun • Stars

  17. Thermal Expansion • as thermal energy increases, the particles of an object tend to speed up and spread apart

  18. Phase Change • changing from one state to another • takes additional thermal energy • the additional thermal energy is used to realign molecules and break attractive forces

  19. Phase Change • temperature does not change during a phase change • temperature may change before and/or after a phase change

  20. Phase Changes Solid Liquid Gas

  21. Phase Changes melt Solid Liquid Gas

  22. Phase Changes melt Solid Liquid Gas freeze

  23. Phase Changes evaporate melt Solid Liquid Gas boil freeze

  24. Phase Changes evaporate melt Solid Liquid Gas boil freeze condense

  25. Phase Changes sublime evaporate melt Solid Liquid Gas boil freeze condense

  26. Phase Changes sublime evaporate melt Solid Liquid Gas boil freeze condense deposition

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