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Mining activities harm the environment through surface scarring, water and air contamination, introduction of harmful wastes and chemicals, and destruction of vegetation. Extracting copper and gold can lead to groundwater pollution, subsidence, and toxic chemicals like mercury and cyanide contaminating water sources. Different rocks—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic—have distinct formation processes. Diverse plate boundaries—convergent, divergent, and transform faults—show varying geological interactions. Diverting water from the Aral Sea and its rivers has caused ecological devastation. Increasing flood deaths are linked to human activities like deforestation and urbanization. Efficient irrigation methods, such as drip systems and center pivots, can improve water usage in agriculture. Large dams offer benefits like electricity generation but have disadvantages like habitat destruction. Human activities impact the water cycle by altering natural processes and depleting resources. Groundwater withdrawal without proper recharge leads to subsidence, contamination, and depletion issues. Desalination methods involve distillation and reverse osmosis, yet they face challenges related to energy consumption and brine disposal.
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scarring Surface water air bacteria wastes Strip mining streams arsenic vegetation spoils Describe how mining harms the environment. groundwater subsidence Surface-mined Sulfuric acid water erosion sludge mercury mountaintop
ore soils Surface water birds cyanide Low-grade drinking solution leach smelting Describe how extracting copper and gold impacts the environment. Sulfur dioxide gangue water heaps percolates leak air gold vegetation
bulk preexisting limestone skeletons crystalline weight binds magma anthracite sandstone lignite dolomite Differentiate between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. weathered melt shells bituminous below layers pressure granite cools transported marble
apart mountain slide earthquakes continental up Himalayas subduction floor few Distinguish between a convergent plate boundary, a divergent plate boundary, and a transform fault. magma volcanoes trench oceanic two San Andreas lithosphere grind ridges
shorter climate cancer glaciers salinization summers respiratory rice irrigation groundwater rain fertilizers Explain how diverting water from the Aral Sea and its two feeder rivers has created a major ecological, economical, and health disaster. wetlands cotton pesticides pollutes dust jobs extinction droughts fishing salinity desert
wetlands coastal vegetation hillsides silt accelerates landslides Describe two human activities which have contributed to a rise in flood deaths and damages. absorb dams impermeable rainwater erosion evapotranspiration
detectors night Rice fields underground closer Ogallala roots LEPA Describe efficient ways to irrigate crops to waste less water. necessary thinner drip perforated Center-pivot evaporation mobile lasers slow
gases protect nutrient estuaries silt fish threatened irrigation Water war people Describe three advantages and three disadvantages of using large dams and reservoirs. displaces arid flooding electricity clean migration Turkey Syria cheap
wetlands hypoxia construction erosion impervious withdraw nitrates eutrophication phosphates Describe three ways human activities affect the water cycle. replenish flooding agriculture vegetation surface recharge runoff groundwater nutrients
buildings roadways ancient deplete impossible saltwater nonrenewable Describe three disadvantages for withdrawing groundwater faster than it can recharge. subsidence Ogallala unusable coastal Tragedy of the commons sinkholes
food condenses water briny energy contaminate pressure microfiltration cost Describe the two methods for desalination and describe the two major problems associated with desalination. pores aquatic salinity remove land heating evaporates
