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Urbanization As Seen Through Late 19c - Early 20c Architecture

Urbanization As Seen Through Late 19c - Early 20c Architecture. With Help from Susan M. Pojer. Megalopolis. Mass Transit. Magnet for economic and social opportunities. Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core New frontier of opportunity for women.

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Urbanization As Seen Through Late 19c - Early 20c Architecture

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  1. Urbanization As Seen Through Late 19c - Early 20c Architecture With Help from Susan M. Pojer

  2. Megalopolis. Mass Transit. Magnet for economic and social opportunities. Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core New frontier of opportunity for women. Squalid living conditions for many. Political machines. Ethnic neighborhoods. Characteristics of UrbanizationDuring the Gilded Age

  3. NewUse ofSpace NewClassDiversity NewArchitectural Style New Energy NewSymbols ofChange &Progress The City as aNew “Frontier?” New Culture(“Melting Pot”) Make a NewStart New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism” New Levels of Crime, Violence, &Corruption

  4. CHICAGO: "The Windy City"

  5. William Le Baron Jenney • 1832 – 1907 • “Father of the ModernSkyscraper”

  6. W. Le Baron Jenney: CentralY.M.C.A., Chicago, 1891

  7. Louis Sullivan • 1856 – 1924 • The ChicagoSchool ofArchitecture • Form followsfunction!

  8. Louis Sullivan: Bayard Bldg., NYC, 1897

  9. Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899

  10. Frank Lloyd Wright • 1869 – 1959 • “Prairie House”School of Architecture • “OrganicArchitecture” • Function follows form!

  11. Frank Lloyd Wright:Allen-Lamb House, 1915

  12. Frank Lloyd Wright:“Falling Waters”, 1936

  13. F. L. Wright Glass Screens Prairie wheat patterns.

  14. Frank Lloyd Wright:Guggenheim Museum, NYC - 1959

  15. NEW YORK CITY: "Gotham"

  16. The style was less innovative thanin Chicago. NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago. Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC  their bldgs. became “logos” for their companies. NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago. New York City Architectural Style: 1870s-1910s

  17. Western Union Bldg,. NYC - 1875

  18. ManhattanLifeInsurance Bldg.NYC - 1893

  19. SingerBuilding NYC - 1902

  20. Woolworth Bldg.NYC - 1911

  21. FlatironBuilding NYC – 1902 D. H. Burnham

  22. Grand Central Station, 1913

  23. St. Patrick’s Cathedral

  24. John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

  25. John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, 1913

  26. Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)

  27. “Dumbell “ Tenement

  28. “Dumbell “ Tenement, NYC

  29. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lived(1890)

  30. Tenement Slum Living

  31. Lodgers Huddled Together

  32. Tenement Slum Living

  33. Struggling Immigrant Families

  34. Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

  35. Hester Street – Jewish Section

  36. 1900RoshHashanahGreetingCard

  37. Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC

  38. Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900

  39. Immigration

  40. Changes in Immigration Patterns • The years between 1870 and 1920 saw one of the greatest surges of immigrants to America. Until 1890, most of these immigrants came from Northern and Western Europe, just like many of the original European immigrants to America.

  41. Changes in Immigration Patterns • On the west coast, immigrants from China began arriving for the Gold Rush in 1849, but many ended up working on the railroads or starting farms; after 1882 Congress limited Chinese immigration.

  42. Changes in Immigration Patterns • After 1890, the immigrating population changed to people coming from Southern and Eastern Europe, countries such as Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. During this time almost a million people also immigrated from Mexico and the West Indies.

  43. Rapidly growing population in the Old World Industrialization in Europe and the importation of American food disturbed the position of the peasant “America Fever” Persecutions of minorities in Europe Birds of Passage Why the New Immigration?

  44. Discrimination at work Generation Gap Struggle to assimilate Bintel Brief Being a New Immigrant

  45. Originally taken care of by city “bosses” “Christian Socialist” preachers Jane Addams and Hull House Settlement Houses Florence Kelley – Socialism, Rights, and the Henry Street Settlement (founded by Lillian Wald) Taking Care of the New Immigrants

  46. Women in the work force Mostly single Helped family and still had some pocket money Brought more economic and social independence Changes Brought by the New Immigration

  47. Nativism: Preferential treatment towards native born Americans Especially Anglo Saxon, Protestants The American Protective Association (1887) Organized labor fought new immigration because poor immigrants were willing to take lower wages Nativism

  48. 1882: Close gates to all paupers, criminals, and convicts + Chinese Exclusion Act 1885: Prohibited the importation of foreign workers under contract 1890’s: Expanded list of undesirables to include: insane, polygamists, prostitutes, alcoholics, anarchists, and people with contagious diseases 1917: Literacy Test Government Sponsored Nativism

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