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CIT100 Introduction to Computers

CIT100 Introduction to Computers. Lecture 1 Computer Concepts Overview of Operating Systems. Topics. Basic computer concepts Overview of Operating Systems Evolution of Microsoft Windows. Basic Computer Concepts. What is a Computer System?.

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CIT100 Introduction to Computers

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  1. CIT100 Introduction to Computers Lecture 1 Computer Concepts Overview of Operating Systems

  2. Topics • Basic computer concepts • Overview of Operating Systems • Evolution of Microsoft Windows

  3. Basic Computer Concepts

  4. What is a Computer System? • By definition a computer pertains only to the hardware. However in order for the hardware to work it software is required. Therefore a computer system consists of the hardware or physical components and software, an operating system.

  5. Memory Input Central processing unit (CPU) Output Auxiliary Storage Auxiliary Storage Auxiliary Storage Any Computer

  6. The first Business PC: The IBM PC • A combined effort between IBM (credibility and marketing), Microsoft (operating system), and Intel (microprocessor); introduced in 1981 • IBM was a mainframe company; it was hounded by antitrust legislation, and did not believe in the future of the PC (initial forecast was 250,000 units) • The PC was created as an ‘open’ machine enabling independent contractors to develop hardware and/or software to improve it • PC clones quickly followed and the market soon exploded; IBM has a fraction of the market it created

  7. IBM PC Approximately $4000 as shown.

  8. The PC Today

  9. Inside the PC • All computers are based on the binary number system • A bit or binary digit has one of two values, zero or one • A byte is the smallest addressable unit of memory (8 bits) • ASCII provides for 256(or 28) characters • 01000001 – A • 01000010 – B • etc. • http://www.ascii-table.com/ On Off

  10. Overview of OS

  11. What is an Operating System? • It is a systems level program • It interacts with the hardware • It interacts with the applications • It coordinates the activities that take place within a computer • It provides External services • It provides Internal services • Desktop • Network

  12. External Services • Services controlled by a user • Start programs • Manage stored data • Maintain security (network systems) • Access to utilities built-in to the OS

  13. Internal Services • “Behind the scenes” • Input and Output • Keyboard, Mouse, Printing, etc. • Allocates system resources • Memory (Conventional, Expanded and Extended) • Manage the storage space for programs and data • Keep track of where programs and data are stored on the storage devices • Detects equipment failures

  14. Network OS • Microsoft, Novell, UNIX • Provides file and print sharing services • Provides user-level security of resources • Requires high-end system called a file server • Requires in-depth training • Expensive to implement

  15. Desktop OS • Microsoft is main publisher • Single-user • Current versions have network capabilities • GUI and Non-GUI versions • Required to use a computer

  16. Non-Microsoft OS • OS/2 – IBM competitor to Windows • No longer published • UNIX • Developed by Bell Labs • Command driven • Linux • Unix-like • Several “flavors” • Mac OS • Major Competitor to Windows-based • History of Mac OS at: http://www.guidebookgallery.org/guis/macos

  17. Pre-Windows OS • DOS – Disk operating System • Command interface • Non-GUI based • Single task oriented • MS-DOS and PC-DOS • MS-DOS for compatibles • PC-DOS for IBM nameplate • Official versions from 1.0 – 6.22

  18. DOS Screen

  19. Windows

  20. Windows 1.0 - Present • Windows 1.0 first version • Introduced a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for PCs • Introduced Multitasking capabilities starting with Windows 3.1 • Designed to compete with the Mac • Made the use of PCs more popular and easier to use • Placed more demands on hardware • Most popular interface in use today

  21. Timeline of Windows • Windows 1.0 1985 • Windows 2.0 1987 • Windows 3.0 1990 • Windows 3.1 1992 • Windows 3.11 Workgroups 1994 • Incorporates network features

  22. Timeline of Windows • Windows NT 3.1 1993 • Server Version Only • Windows NT 3.5 1994 • Server Version Only • Windows NT 3.51 1995 • Server Version Only • Windows NT 4.0 1996 • Server and Workstation

  23. Timeline of Windows • Windows 95 1995 • Workstation • Windows 98 1998 • Workstation • Windows 2000 2000 • Server and Workstation • Windows ME 2000 • Workstation • Windows XP 2001 • Workstation • Windows Vista (Longhorn) 2007

  24. Windows 1.0

  25. Windows 2.0

  26. Windows 3.x

  27. Windows 95

  28. Windows 98

  29. Windows NT4

  30. Windows 2000

  31. Windows ME

  32. Windows XP

  33. Windows “Longhorn” (Vista)

  34. End of Presentation

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