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Understanding Classical & Operant Conditioning in Psychology

Dive into classical and operant conditioning with insights on punishment, reinforcement principles, Skinner's view, schedules of reinforcement, and applications in everyday life. Discover how these theories shape human behavior. Learn with clear examples and their impact on society.

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Understanding Classical & Operant Conditioning in Psychology

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  1. Outlines on Classical Condition, Operant Conditioning & Punishment Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.

  2. Classical Conditioning • Pavlovian Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) ------------- UCR NS (bowl) -------------------------- NO SALIVATION NS + UCS (food in mouth) ------ SALIVATION CS (bowl) -------------------------- CR (salivation)

  3. John Watson • Little Albert experiment • Issue – biology makes a difference

  4. Terms In Classical Conditioning • Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery • Generalization • Discrimination

  5. Taste Aversion • A form of Classical Conditioning • Example • Biological predisposition to Classical Conditioning (Watson, 1924) • Unfamiliar taste – delayed illness – avoidance • Familiar taste & unfamiliar shape = delayed illness – no avoidance

  6. Application of Pavlov – Pavlov’s Legacy • Advertisement • Politicians • TV weather forecasters!

  7. Reinforcement Principles • Positive Reinforcement • Negative Reinforcement • Escape conditioning • Avoidance Conditioning

  8. Punishment – does it work? • The Dangers of Punishment • Reinforcing to the punisher • Generalized inhibiting effect • We dislike the punisher • What about teaching? • The criticism trap • The use of aversives • B. F. Skinner’s view

  9. Operant Conditoning • Behaviorism • B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) • Law of Effect (Thorndike)

  10. Operant Conditioning • The Skinner Box • Shaping • Reinforcement • Discrimination • Generalization • Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery

  11. Schedules of Reinforcement • Primary reinforcement • Secondary reinforcement • Fixed Ratio • Fixed Interval • Variable Ratio • Variable Interval

  12. Bandura & Violence on T.V. • Modeling • Who are we likely to imitate? graphics8.nytimes.com/.../posts/0115bobo.jpg

  13. Seligman • Learned Helplessness = link to depression? • Learned Optimism Worth Publishers

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