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Chapter 6 Section 1

Chapter 6 Section 1. Chemical Compounds monatomic - consist of a single atom -many elements are in the form of a molecule molecule - smallest neutral unit of a substance that still has the properties of that substance *made up of two or more atoms that act as a unit

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Chapter 6 Section 1

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  1. Chapter 6 Section 1 Chemical Compounds monatomic- consist of a single atom -many elements are in the form of a molecule molecule- smallest neutral unit of a substance that still has the properties of that substance *made up of two or more atoms that act as a unit diatomic- made up of two atoms (O2or CO) triatomic- made up of three atoms (O3 or H2O)

  2. molecular compound- composed of molecules **made up of two or more non-metals ex- CO2 H2O SO3 -have low melting and boiling points -most are gases or liquids at room temp -not all compounds are molecular -some are made up of ions

  3. ion- atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge -formed when an atom gains or loses e- **remember atoms are neutral b/c # of p+ equals # of e- **in ions # of p+≠ # of e- cation -ion with a positive charge, loses electrons -metallic elements lose electrons -look at Group # to get the charge for Groups 1A to 3A

  4. 1+ 3+ 2+

  5. ex- sodium Na1+ or Na+1 or Na+ aluminum Aℓ3+ -sodium lost 1e-, aluminum lost 3 e- **Most cations of the transition metals have more than one charge -these will need to be given to you ex- Pb4+ lost 4e- -a few have only one charge **remember these! Ag1+ Zn2+ Cd2+ -silver lost 1e-, zinc and cadmium each lost 2e-

  6. anions -ion with a negative charge -gains electrons -non-metallic elements gain electrons -look at Group # - 8 to get the charge ex- chlorine Cℓ1- arsenic As3- -chlorine gained 1e- -arsenic gained 3e- *Group 4 elements do not generally form ions *Group 8 do not b/c they are inert

  7. 2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1- 1+

  8. Naming Ions Cations -name is the same as the element with the word ion -back to examples sodium ion aluminum ion *The charge must be written in the name for transition metals with multiple charges -written as a roman numeral lead (IV) ion

  9. Anions -drop ending and add –ide and the word ion -back to examples -chloride ion -arsenide ion ionic compounds- composed of cations and anions **made up of a metal (cation) and a nonmetal (anion) -usually solid crystals at room temp -have very high melting points

  10. Try these!! -tell the charge on the ion -tell how many e- the ion has lost or gained -name the ion/tell if it is a cation or anion strontium Sr2+ 2e-lost strontium ion cation iodine I1- 1e-gained iodide ion anion calcium Ca2+ 2e-lost calcium ion cation sulfur S2- 2e-gained sulfide ion anion

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