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Cell Biology

Cell Biology. Fundamental Units of Life 11/29. The Inner Life of a Cell. You are now shrinking to a millionth of your size! This is just a tiny proportion of the actual cell processes occurring in your body all the time. The Inner Life of a Cell. What did you see? What surprised you?

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Cell Biology

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  1. Cell Biology Fundamental Units of Life 11/29

  2. The Inner Life of a Cell • You are now shrinking to a millionth of your size! • This is just a tiny proportion of the actual cell processes occurring in your body all the time.

  3. The Inner Life of a Cell • What did you see? • What surprised you? • Did anything catch your eye? • What kind of cell might this be: Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic?

  4. 11/29/2010 In your purple books: • Look over the conceptual flow- think about why this document might be useful in the next couple of weeks • HW: Read p 6-13 in the purple book and complete the Cell Anatomy worksheet. • Media consent form: We might film you, get it signed for HW! Right now: • Turn in science fair drafts • Turn in the extra credit assignment

  5. Objectives • Shrink down to the size of a cell • Sort cells and other things into their relative sizes • Share your knowledge about cells • Observe cell processes at all levels of life

  6. What is a Cell?

  7. Prokaryotic V. Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

  8. Prokaryote, E. Coli bacterium

  9. Unicellular Eukaryote: Protist Paramecium

  10. Multi-cellular Eukaryote (plant)

  11. Cells!? • Are they alive? • What are some characteristics of living things?

  12. If Cells are Alive then they… • Must be organized in some way • Maintain homeostasis (stable internal state) • Reproduce- Self Replicate • Have development • Have a metabolism • Respond to stimulus • Interact in ecosystem • Evolve

  13. Cell Organization Prokaryotic Cell (E. Coli Bacteria) Eukaryotic Cell Cell Membrane/Cell wall Cell membrane/Cell Wall DNA Floats in Cytoplasm DNA inside a Nucleus No real organelles, all functions in cytoplasm Organelles with special functions

  14. Maintain Homeostasis

  15. Cell Reproduction

  16. Cell Metabolism • A Beating Heart Cell

  17. Cell Development

  18. Cells Respond to Stimulus

  19. Cells interact in ecosystem

  20. Cell Evolution

  21. A Millionth of your Size?? • How big is a cell anyways? • Work with a partner to complete the cell sorting activity (7 min).

  22. Cell Size

  23. Quiz Feedback • 72% Class Average (out of 24 students) 6. Plasma membrane without proteins and only phosopholipids? 10. Need to only read the last two sentences. Cell is in a hypertonic environment. Where would H20 go? 11. Going down or up a gradient in active transport? 12. What is a solute? 13. Cell in a hypotonic solution?

  24. An experiment was conducted to examine how water temperature and saltiness of water influence their survival. During the experiment, local water sources where the Daphna live had a temperature of 25 deg. C. • What hypothesis was being tested with groups II and IV? • if salt reduces Daphnia survival, then saltier water will have a smaller population • if warmth inhibits reproduction, then higher water temperatures will lead to fewer Daphnia • if Daphnia digest salt, then their body size will increase • if dissolving salt releases heat, then more salt will cause the water temperature to increase more

  25. Homework • Read p 6-13 from “Inside the Cell” Purple Book. • Complete the worksheet about organelles that goes along with it. • Get the media release form signed!

  26. Cell Biology Fundamental Units of Life

  27. Warm up: Make a Venn diagram to compare the differences in structure in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryote: Eukaryote: What structures do they have in common?

  28. Prokaryotic Cell (E. Coli Bacteria) Eukaryotic Cell Cell Membrane/Cell wall Cell membrane/Cell Wall DNA Floats in Cytoplasm DNA inside a Nucleus No real organelles, all functions in cytoplasm Organelles with special functions

  29. What do Cells Need to be Able to Do?

  30. What do Cells Need to be Able to Do? • Make/Package/Transport Proteins  Nucleus, Rough E.R, Golgi Apparatus • Reproduce- by replicating DNA Nucleus • Break down wastes/recycle old parts Lysosome • Make ATP (energy) Mitochondria, Chloroplasts • Provide structure/move substances around cytoskeleton • Regulate internal environment Cell membrane, Cell Wall

  31. Proteins • The nucleus’s DNA is the instructions to make proteins. Proteins are nature’s molecular machines that are responsible for virtually everything that a cell can do.

  32. Proteins • Many are enzymes that speed up reactions in the cell and help the cell generate movement • Can send messages, move cargo, synthesize new molecules. • Vital in metabolism • Proteins in the cytoskeleton help maintain shape. • Other proteins are important in the immune response.

  33. Cells stained for different proteins

  34. Inside the Eukaryotic Cell -In each organelle, note what the role of protein is. -What are the basic differences in plant/animal cells?

  35. A Eukaryotic Cell Analogy- The Factory! #1 Assembly Line Make, Package, Stamp and Transport Products (Proteins) The Foreman, (Control Center) DNA gives instructions for all cell functions. The beams, support structures, scaffolding in the building Garbage/Recycling Get rid of waste, recycle old parts Only certain items enter and exit the factory through its doors. Nuclear Reactor Makes energy to run the whole factory

  36. The Assembly Line of the Cell It’s all about proteins! A. Instructions to make proteins (DNA->RNA) B. Where the proteins get made (on ribosomes) and packaged. C. Where the package gets stamped with a destination B A C

  37. Protein Assembly Line: Step 1 Nucleus: Read the DNA instructions to make RNA. Ship RNA to endoplasmic reticulum.

  38. Protein Assembly Line: Step 2 2. Rough E.R.: On ribosomes, translate the RNA into protein, and put the protein into a package “vesicle”

  39. Protein Assembly Line Step 3: Golgi Apparatus 3. Golgi Apparatus: The packages (vesicles) are “stamped” and bud off of the golgi to go to their final destination.

  40. Homework • Write a summary about how the nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus work together to manufacture, package and transport proteins in the cell. • Continue working on science fair projects (final papers due Dec. 6th). The science fair is 12/10.

  41. Cell Biology Fundamental Units of Life

  42. Wed, Dec 1, 2010 • Objectives: • In a group, write an analogy for the cell and its organelles • Describe how disease at the cellular level can also be observed at the organism level. • Act in and observe the “One Fine Moment in the Life of a Cell” Play, and answer the analysis questions.

  43. Homework • Complete questions at end of Audience Guide • Study for the Quiz Tomorrow! • Need to know all of the organelles, difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as well as between plant and animal cells. • COMPLETED SCIENCE FAIR ESSAYS DUE NEXT MONDAY. IN CLASS PRESENTATIONS NEXT WED.

  44. A Eukaryotic Cell Analogy- The Factory! #1 Assembly Line Make, Package, Stamp and Transport Products (Proteins) The Foreman, (Control Center) DNA gives instructions for all cell functions. The beams, support structures, scaffolding in the building Garbage/Recycling Get rid of waste, recycle old parts Only certain items enter and exit the factory through its doors. Nuclear Reactor Makes energy to run the whole factory

  45. A Eukaryotic Cell Analogy- The Factory! The Foreman, (Control Center) Garbage/Recycling Get rid of waste, recycle old parts

  46. Warm- Up (7 min) With a partner, create your own analogy for the plant or animal cell. Mitchondria, Chloroplast Lysosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Cell Membrane Cell Wall Ribosome Cytoskeleton Vacuole

  47. Cytoskeleton: 2 Roles

  48. Breast Cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease • Let’s look at how two diseases can be observed on the cellular and organism level… • Note what the main cause of these diseases seems to be

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