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A guide to teaching content using TOC

A guide to teaching content using TOC. Danilo Sirias, Ph.D. Christopher Newport University. Introduction. TOC applications in education Management philosophy Discipline/behavior Teaching content. Teaching-learning UDEs. Students do not retain what they learn

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A guide to teaching content using TOC

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  1. A guide to teaching content using TOC Danilo Sirias, Ph.D. Christopher Newport University

  2. Introduction • TOC applications in education • Management philosophy • Discipline/behavior • Teaching content

  3. Teaching-learning UDEs • Students do not retain what they learn • Students do not see the relevance of the subject being taught • Teachers feel frustrated with the rate of learning • Students do not know how to think

  4. Curriculums at any school • Content curriculum • Learning curriculum Hare Brain Tortoise Mind by Guy Claxton 1997

  5. Content Curriculum • It is the body of knowledge and skills that students are supposed to learn. • Examples are arithmetic, French, philosophy, etc. • Many schools have standardized tests put in place to evaluate the level of success as it relates to content curriculum.

  6. Learning curriculum • Teaching students about how to learn. • It includes what is learning, what are effective learning methods, etc. • Learning curriculum is as important as the content curriculum…. and maybe even more important.

  7. Some facts about teaching methods • Lecturing is the most “efficient” method of teaching • Lecturing is the most boring method of teaching • Students learn better if they “discover” or invent themselves the concepts a teacher wants them to learn

  8. Interactive learning • Interactive learning encompasses a series of techniques whereby students invent their own solutions. For example: • Role playing • Games • Socratic approach

  9. There is a common thread on these methods..... • They take a lot of time!

  10. Is time a constraint? • Yes!! • We want to cover as much material as we because of • Standardized testing • Readiness for next grade

  11. Ensure students learn the concepts Use interactive teaching Be a good teacher Cover most topics in the program Do not use interactive teaching The cloud

  12. Ensure students learn the concepts Use interactive teaching Be a good teacher Cover most topics in the program Do not use interactive teaching Interactive learning takes too long An assumption

  13. TOC as a solution • If I could sum up the Theory of Constraints from my 12 years of research,…it would simply be two words: focus and leverageDebra Smith, The measurement nightmare

  14. Traditional interactive teaching methods TOC teaching method

  15. TOC teaching guiding principle • Use TOC tools to help students develop solutions themselves and in the most efficient manner

  16. A guide to teaching content using TOC • Class preparation • Types of concept that can be taught with TOC • Examples • Future activities

  17. Class preparation (TrT) ILO Teaching activity Next topic Reason Intermediate learning objective (ILO) Activity to transition to the next topic Teaching activity First topic Reason Activity to transition to the first topic Class introduction

  18. Examples of concepts that can be taught with TOC

  19. Conflict • The objective is to teach students a common conflict and to explore some possible solutions • The focus of the teaching is the conflict itself and not the solution • Another objective is to relate the conflict with something relevant to the students • Example: Cricket and the ant story

  20. Procedure to teach conflict’s ILO • A dilemma is presented through a story • Find the cloud • Explore different ways to break the cloud • Ask students whether they have experience a similar problem in their life • Explore solutions to the students’ dilemmas

  21. Concepts as solutions • Many concepts are solutions!! • If a concept is a solution to a problem and we want the student to invent the solution then we must first tell them what the problem is • Solutions when the problem is a conflict • Solutions when the problem is that we do not know how to solve it

  22. Solution to a problem (conflict) • The objective is to teach a concept which is a solution to a chronic conflict • The focus is on understanding the problem and to find the assumption that is invalidated with the solution

  23. What is the cloud? ? Solution (Concept)

  24. Using the cloud to teach concepts that are solutions to a conflict 1. Study the concept to be taught. Is it a solution? 2. Find the cloud broken by the solution 3. Develop a strategy for students to find the cloud 4. Follow the steps to break the cloud 5. Give the “right name” to the concept

  25. How to find the cloud • Determine at least 6 UDEs that the solution is supposed to eliminate • Develop small stories about three randomly selected UDEs • Write mini clouds for those three UDEs • Construct a generic cloud

  26. How can students find the cloud? • Students have some experience on the subject • Use 3-ude cloud method • Discuss advantages and disadvantages • Students do not have experience on the subject • Use case studies/stories

  27. Solution to a problem (How-to) • The objective is to teach students how to accomplish a specific task. • The focus is on developing the steps needed to accomplish something • Example 1: How to arrange boxes in ascending order according to weight • Example 2: How to save the animal kingdom (helping Noah)

  28. Relationship among entities • The objective is to teach students how different entities (e.g. historical events, scientific facts, etc.) relates to each other • The focus can be on either finding the reasons underlying the relationship or the effects caused by the entities

  29. Supporting argument Supporting argument Supporting argument Supporting argument Supporting argument Cause-and-effectBranch Effect Effect Effect Starting condition

  30. Supporting argument Reading a cause-and-effect branch Then Effect 2 Because If Effect 1

  31. Supporting argument Supporting argument Supporting argument Supporting argument Supporting argument Cause-and-effectBranch Effect Effect Effect Starting condition ILOs

  32. Supporting argument Supporting argument Supporting argument Supporting argument Supporting argument Cause-and-effectBranch Effect Effect ILOs Effect Starting condition

  33. Future activities • Generic negative branch • Web site devoted to use TOC to teach content • Development of a workshop • Constraint may move from the discipline aspect to the teaching aspect

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