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Engaging Students

Engaging Students. Incorporating Depth, Complexity, and Questioning Strategies into the classroom. Goals and Objectives. Why Use Questioning Strategies? Effective Questioning Techniques Levels of Questioning…Increasing Understanding, Models for Use What is Depth and Complexity?

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Engaging Students

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  1. Engaging Students Incorporating Depth, Complexity, and Questioning Strategies into the classroom.

  2. Goals and Objectives • Why Use Questioning Strategies? • Effective Questioning Techniques • Levels of Questioning…Increasing Understanding, Models for Use • What is Depth and Complexity? • Applying the Strategies

  3. Questioning Strategies • Methods used by teachers and students to ask questions that require the respondent to use high-level, critical, and/or creative thinking skills when processing information or responding to the question.

  4. Depth….The Bigger Picture • Refers to how a person approaches “the big picture”. Often, the approach starts with the concrete and moves to the abstract; or starts with the known and moves to the unknown.

  5. Depth… continued • Requires students to examine • facts & concepts • generalizations • related principles and theories • Necessitates uncovering details and new knowledge related to a topic of study. • Encourages students to adopt perspectives and to see patterns in connections.

  6. Complexity…. More Parts • Bridges the content to other disciplines, enhancing the relevance for students • Complexity encourages students to • Relate to concepts and ideas at a sophisticated level • See associations among diverse subjects, topics, or levels • Find multiple solutions from multiple points of view

  7. Bigger picture Depth: Requires a student to uncover the detail about how a car works Complexity: Requires a student to see the working relationships between the different parts More parts

  8. How to increase Depth and Complexity • Teachers choose instructional materials that engage, develop, and challenge. • Teachers model for and interact with students: • ask questions • provide feedback • give assignments • provide assessment • Students engage with the content and each other at high levels, with increased Depth and Complexity in their interactions.

  9. Why use Questioning Strategies? • Questioning strategies are essential to the growth of critical, creative, and higher level thinking skills. (Shaunessy,2005) • When teachers regularly model questioning strategies and expect student questions, students learn to formulate questions that will improve their learning. (Fisher, 2007)

  10. The better teachers are at using questions, the better students get at asking questions.

  11. Provide Clarification Check Assumptions Provide Reasons and Evidence Examine Viewpoints Investigate Implications and Consequences What is meant by ______? How could you say that another way? How do you know? How could we prove or confirm that? If ____happened, what would be the result? Support your conclusion. Why do you believe that? What feelings or emotions might have caused _____? Good questions help:

  12. Effective Questioning Techniques • Increase Think time and Wait time • Talk less, ask more • Move from simple to complex • Avoid “yes or no” questions • Don’t let a few students dominate the conversation/questioning/answering

  13. Just by increasing wait time by three to five seconds, teachers can… Increase student achievement Increase number of higher cognitive responses Increase contributions by non-participatory students Increasing question complexity… Extends thinking skills Clarifies understanding Creates links between ideas Enhances curiosity Provides challenges Examples

  14. Original Revised Bloom’sBloom’s • Evaluation • Synthesis • Analysis • Application • Comprehension • Knowledge • Creating • Evaluating • Analyzing • Applying • Understanding • Remembering Higher-order thinking (Based on Pohl, 2000, Learning to Think, Thinking to Learn, p. 8)

  15. “While questions which elicit lower level thinking are an important part of teaching, they are useless unless they build toward questions which help kids develop higher order thinking skills.” Benjamin Bloom

  16. Tools of the Trade • Effective Questioning Techniques • Bloom’s Taxonomy • Posters, Planning Guides, Templates, Bloom-Gardner Matrix • Classroom strategies that guide discussions • De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats • Socratic Seminars and Scored Discussions (info. on our website) • Depth and Complexity Resources • Icons, Posters, Templates (info. on our website)

  17. Method to see a different perspective:The Six Thinking Hats by de Bono • White Hat: Focus on data. • Red Hat: Use emotion. • Purple Hat: Look at the bad points. • Yellow Hat: Think positively. • Green Hat: Think creatively • Blue Hat: Direct the process. Steer conversation toward the most needed hat.

  18. Differentiating in Mixed-Ability Classrooms Grouping Options Tiered Lessons Curriculum Compacting Questioning Strategies and the use of Depth & Complexity

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